TY - JOUR
T1 - Lipopolysaccharide induces cholangiocyte proliferation via an interleukin-6-mediated activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase
AU - Park, Joongwon
AU - Gores, Gregory J.
AU - Patel, Tushar
PY - 1999
Y1 - 1999
N2 - The biliary epithelium is exposed to mediators of inflammation such as bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a variety of inflammatory conditions. These conditions are also characterized by cholangiocyte proliferation and a predisposition to malignancy. Furthermore, LPS can enhance the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a known biliary mitogen. However, the effects of LPS on cholangiocyte proliferation or IL-6 secretion are unknown. Thus, our aims were to determine if LPS stimulates cholangiocyte proliferation by IL-6-dependent signaling pathways. H69 cells derived from normal human intrahepatic cholangiocytes proliferated in response to LPS. Cholangiocytes responded to LPS (and other inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and IL-1β) by increased secretion of IL- 6, which had a mitogenic effect on H69 cells. Preincubation with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies inhibited LPS-induced proliferation. Furthermore, cholangiocytes possessed the IL-6 receptor complex subunits and intact signaling mechanisms leading to activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) factors. Although both p38 and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were constitutively present and active in cholangiocytes, IL-6 increased p44/p42, but not p38 MAPK activity. PD098059 inhibited activation of p44/p42 MAPK in cholangiocytes and completely blocked DNA synthesis in response to IL-6 or LPS. These studies identify a critical role for the p44/p42 MAPK in cholangiocyte proliferation and demonstrate that the proliferative response of cholangiocytes to inflammatory mediators such as LPS involves IL-6-mediated activation of the p44/p42 MAPK pathway.
AB - The biliary epithelium is exposed to mediators of inflammation such as bacterial endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a variety of inflammatory conditions. These conditions are also characterized by cholangiocyte proliferation and a predisposition to malignancy. Furthermore, LPS can enhance the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a known biliary mitogen. However, the effects of LPS on cholangiocyte proliferation or IL-6 secretion are unknown. Thus, our aims were to determine if LPS stimulates cholangiocyte proliferation by IL-6-dependent signaling pathways. H69 cells derived from normal human intrahepatic cholangiocytes proliferated in response to LPS. Cholangiocytes responded to LPS (and other inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α] and IL-1β) by increased secretion of IL- 6, which had a mitogenic effect on H69 cells. Preincubation with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies inhibited LPS-induced proliferation. Furthermore, cholangiocytes possessed the IL-6 receptor complex subunits and intact signaling mechanisms leading to activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) factors. Although both p38 and p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were constitutively present and active in cholangiocytes, IL-6 increased p44/p42, but not p38 MAPK activity. PD098059 inhibited activation of p44/p42 MAPK in cholangiocytes and completely blocked DNA synthesis in response to IL-6 or LPS. These studies identify a critical role for the p44/p42 MAPK in cholangiocyte proliferation and demonstrate that the proliferative response of cholangiocytes to inflammatory mediators such as LPS involves IL-6-mediated activation of the p44/p42 MAPK pathway.
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U2 - 10.1002/hep.510290423
DO - 10.1002/hep.510290423
M3 - Article
C2 - 10094943
AN - SCOPUS:0032951127
SN - 0270-9139
VL - 29
SP - 1037
EP - 1043
JO - Hepatology
JF - Hepatology
IS - 4
ER -