Abstract
The kidney plays a vital role in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) and parathyroid hormone alter the efficiency of calcium and phosphate reabsorption along the nephron. Important proteins that change the efficiency of calcium and phosphate transport are localized along the distal and proximal nephron, respectively. The kidney expresses the vitamin D receptor and is the primary site of synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D by the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α-hydroxylase (1α-OHase), and the site of synthesis of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by the 25-hydroxyvitamin D-24-hydroxylase (24-OHase). Calcium transport proteins including the epithelial calcium channel, plasma membrane calcium pump, sodium-calcium exchanger, calbindin-D28K, and calbindin-D9K all localize to the distal nephron and are upregulated by 1,25(OH)2D through the activation of vitamin D receptor. This chapter aims to describe the role of the kidney in the regulation of calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D metabolism. The derangement in vitamin D metabolism associated with chronic kidney disease will also be discussed.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Feldman and Pike's Vitamin D |
| Subtitle of host publication | Volume One: Biochemistry, Physiology and Diagnostics |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 301-330 |
| Number of pages | 30 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780323913867 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780323913904 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2023 |
Keywords
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
- 24-Hydroxylase
- 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
- 25-Hydroxyvitamin d-1α-hydroxylase
- Calbindin-D
- Calbindin-D
- CYP24A1
- CYP27B1
- PMCa
- TRPV5
- TRPV6
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Arts and Humanities