TY - JOUR
T1 - Uncommon inflammatory/immune-related myelopathies
AU - Valencia-Sanchez, Cristina
AU - Flanagan, Eoin P.
N1 - Funding Information:
Eoin P. Flanagan has served on advisory boards for Alexion, Genentech and Horizon Therapeutics . He has received speaker honoraria from Pharmacy Times. He received royalties from UpToDate. Dr. Flanagan was a site primary investigator in a randomized clinical trial on Inebilizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder run by Medimmune/Viela-Bio/Horizon Therapeutics . Dr. Flanagan has received funding from the NIH ( R01NS113828 ). Dr. Flanagan is a member of the medical advisory board of the MOG project. Dr. Flanagan is an editorial board member of the Journal of the Neurological Sciences and Neuroimmunology Reports.
Funding Information:
Eoin P. Flanagan has served on advisory boards for Alexion, Genentech and Horizon Therapeutics. He has received speaker honoraria from Pharmacy Times. He received royalties from UpToDate. Dr. Flanagan was a site primary investigator in a randomized clinical trial on Inebilizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder run by Medimmune/Viela-Bio/Horizon Therapeutics. Dr. Flanagan has received funding from the NIH (R01NS113828). Dr. Flanagan is a member of the medical advisory board of the MOG project. Dr. Flanagan is an editorial board member of the Journal of the Neurological Sciences and Neuroimmunology Reports.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/12/15
Y1 - 2021/12/15
N2 - The differential diagnosis for immune-mediated myelopathies is broad. Although clinical manifestations overlap, certain presentations are suggestive of a particular myelopathy etiology. Spine MRI lesion characteristics including the length and location, and the pattern of gadolinium enhancement, help narrow the differential diagnosis and exclude an extrinsic compressive cause. The discovery of specific antibodies that serve as biomarkers of myelitis such as aquaporin-4-IgG and myelin-oligodendrocyte -glycoprotein-IgG (MOG-IgG), has improved our understanding of myelitis pathophysiology and facilitated diagnosis. In this review we will focus on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings and treatment and outcomes of uncommon immune-mediated myelopathies.
AB - The differential diagnosis for immune-mediated myelopathies is broad. Although clinical manifestations overlap, certain presentations are suggestive of a particular myelopathy etiology. Spine MRI lesion characteristics including the length and location, and the pattern of gadolinium enhancement, help narrow the differential diagnosis and exclude an extrinsic compressive cause. The discovery of specific antibodies that serve as biomarkers of myelitis such as aquaporin-4-IgG and myelin-oligodendrocyte -glycoprotein-IgG (MOG-IgG), has improved our understanding of myelitis pathophysiology and facilitated diagnosis. In this review we will focus on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, imaging findings and treatment and outcomes of uncommon immune-mediated myelopathies.
KW - Aquaporin 4
KW - Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy
KW - Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease
KW - Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
KW - Paraneoplastic myelopathy
KW - Spinal cord sarcoidosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117782139&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85117782139&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577750
DO - 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577750
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34715593
AN - SCOPUS:85117782139
SN - 0165-5728
VL - 361
JO - Journal of neuroimmunology
JF - Journal of neuroimmunology
M1 - 577750
ER -