@article{1e2c513cad4145b28eefeeba1686a541,
title = "Treatment of multiple sclerosis in children and adolescents",
abstract = "Importance of the field: Pediatric multiple sclerosis is an acquired inflammatory, demyelinating CNS disorder associated with recurrent episodes of neurologic dysfunction. Precise diagnosis is increasingly important as disease modifying therapies have been developed in adults and introduced into pediatric practice. Areas covered in this review: Literature published over the past two decades relating to pharmacologic treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in adults and children is reviewed, with emphasis on current publications. What the reader will gain: This article reviews available research and clinical experience regarding treatment of acute episodes of CNS demyelination in children and adolescents, strategies for introduction and modification of disease-modifying therapies depending on disease course, and use of medication for symptomatic improvement in quality of life. Take home message: Pharmacotherapy for MS has been studied in adults but to a significantly lesser extent in children or adolescents. However, children and adolescents have different biology than adults in terms of drug metabolism, immune mechanisms and incomplete maturity of CNS myelin. Effectiveness as well as long-term safety needs to be studied in children and adolescents.",
keywords = "Disease modifying therapy, Glatiramer acetate, Interferon beta, Intravenous immune globulin, Intravenous methylprednisolone, Multiple sclerosis, Pediatric, Plasma exchange, Relapsing, Remitting multiple sclerosis",
author = "Kuntz, {Nancy L.} and Dorothee Chabas and Bianca Weinstock-Guttman and Tanuja Chitnis and Yeh, {E. Ann} and Lauren Krupp and Jayne Ness and Moses Rodriguez and Emmanuelle Waubant",
note = "Funding Information: NL Kuntz has received honoraria for lectures not funded by industry. Travel expenses for educational activities sponsored by Baxter have been received as well as research support from the National Multiple Sclerosis society, Spinal Muscular Atrophy Foundation and the Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group. D Chabas has received honoraria from Teva, EMD Sorono and Pfizer. D Chabas has received license fee payment and may accrue revenue on office of technology licensing Stanford docket (501085) and also receives support from the National Multiple Sclerosis society and the Nancy Davis foundation. B Weinstock-Guttman serves on the speaker{\textquoteright}s bureau for Biogen, Teva and EMD Serono. She also receives research support from Biogen, Serono, Teva, cyberonics and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. T Chitnis has received travel expenses and/or honoraria for lectures or educational activities not funded by industry. She has served/serves as a consultant to Biogen, Serono, Teva and Bayer Schering Pharma. She serves on the speakers bureau for EMD serono, Wyeth and Zymogenetics Funding Information: and receives research support from the NIH (NINDS KO8 NS 047669-01) the National Multiple Sclerosis society and the Nancy Davis foundation. L Krupp has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Teva, EMD Serono and GSK. Royalty payments have been received from Demos Med. Publishing, Eli Lilly, Medim-mune, Vertex, Wyeth and Zymogenetics. L Krupp also has received research support from Acorda and Biogen. J Ness serves as a consultant to Merck Serono, receives research support from the NIH (NIDDK DK51413 [PI]) and the National Multiple Sclerosis; and her spouse receives research support from the NIH (KO8NS43220 [PI]). M Rodriguez has received travel expenses and honorarium for features or educational activities not funded by industry. He is serves on scientific editorial boards for the NIH/NINDS and Fast Forward, LLC and serves on the editorial advisory boards of Annals of Neurology, Brain Pathology, Journal of Neurovirology and VerusMed. E Waubant has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion, Biogen, Millennium and Teva. He has received research support from Genentech.",
year = "2010",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1517/14656560903527218",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "11",
pages = "505--520",
journal = "Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy",
issn = "1465-6566",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
number = "4",
}