TY - JOUR
T1 - The small-molecule VEGF receptor inhibitor pazopanib (GW786034B) targets both tumor and endothelial cells in multiple myeloma
AU - Podar, Klaus
AU - Tonon, Giovanni
AU - Sattler, Martin
AU - Tai, Yu Tsu
AU - LeGouill, Steven
AU - Yasui, Hiroshi
AU - Ishitsuka, Kenji
AU - Kumar, Shaji
AU - Kumar, Rakesh
AU - Pandite, Lini N.
AU - Hideshima, Teru
AU - Chauhan, Dharminder
AU - Anderson, Kenneth C.
PY - 2006/12/19
Y1 - 2006/12/19
N2 - A critical role for vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis. Here, we characterized the effect of the small-molecule VEGF receptor inhibitor pazopanib on MM cells in the bone marrow milieu. Pazopanib inhibits VEGF-triggered signaling pathways in both tumor and endothelial cells, thereby blocking in vitro MM cell growth, survival, and migration, and inhibits VEGF-induced up-regulation of adhesion molecules on both endothelial and tumor cells, thereby abrogating endothelial cell-MM cell binding and associated cell proliferation. We show that pazopanib is the first-in-class VEGF receptor inhibitor to inhibit in vivo tumor cell growth associated with increased MM cell apoptosis, decreased angiogenesis, and prolonged survival in a mouse xenograft model of human MM. Low-dose pazopanib demonstrates synergistic cytotoxicity with conventional (melphalan) and novel (bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs) therapies. Finally, gene expression and signaling network analysis show transcriptional changes of several cancer-related genes, in particular c-Myc. Using siRNA, we confirm the role of c-Myc in VEGF production and secretion, as well as angiogenasis. These preclinical studies provide the rationale for clinical evaluation of pazopanib, alone and in combination with conventional and novel therapies, to increase efficacy, overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity, and improve patient outcome in MM.
AB - A critical role for vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis. Here, we characterized the effect of the small-molecule VEGF receptor inhibitor pazopanib on MM cells in the bone marrow milieu. Pazopanib inhibits VEGF-triggered signaling pathways in both tumor and endothelial cells, thereby blocking in vitro MM cell growth, survival, and migration, and inhibits VEGF-induced up-regulation of adhesion molecules on both endothelial and tumor cells, thereby abrogating endothelial cell-MM cell binding and associated cell proliferation. We show that pazopanib is the first-in-class VEGF receptor inhibitor to inhibit in vivo tumor cell growth associated with increased MM cell apoptosis, decreased angiogenesis, and prolonged survival in a mouse xenograft model of human MM. Low-dose pazopanib demonstrates synergistic cytotoxicity with conventional (melphalan) and novel (bortezomib and immunomodulatory drugs) therapies. Finally, gene expression and signaling network analysis show transcriptional changes of several cancer-related genes, in particular c-Myc. Using siRNA, we confirm the role of c-Myc in VEGF production and secretion, as well as angiogenasis. These preclinical studies provide the rationale for clinical evaluation of pazopanib, alone and in combination with conventional and novel therapies, to increase efficacy, overcome drug resistance, reduce toxicity, and improve patient outcome in MM.
KW - Angiogenesis
KW - Xenograft mouse model
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.0609329103
DO - 10.1073/pnas.0609329103
M3 - Article
C2 - 17164332
AN - SCOPUS:33845882259
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 103
SP - 19478
EP - 19483
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 51
ER -