TY - JOUR
T1 - The Immunological Contribution to Heterotopic Ossification Disorders
AU - Convente, Michael R.
AU - Wang, Haitao
AU - Pignolo, Robert J.
AU - Kaplan, Frederick S.
AU - Shore, Eileen M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2015/4
Y1 - 2015/4
N2 - The formation of bone outside the endogenous skeleton is a significant clinical event, rendering affected individuals with immobility and a diminished quality of life. This bone, termed heterotopic ossification (HO), can appear in patients following invasive surgeries and traumatic injuries, as well as progressively manifest in several congenital disorders. A unifying feature of both genetic and nongenetic episodes of HO is immune system involvement at the early stages of disease. Activation of the immune system sets the stage for the downstream anabolic events that eventually result in ectopic bone formation, rendering the immune system a particularly appealing site of early therapeutic intervention for optimal management of disease. In this review, we will discuss the immunological contributions to HO disorders, with specific focus on contributing cell types, signaling pathways, relevant in vivo animal models, and potential therapeutic targets.
AB - The formation of bone outside the endogenous skeleton is a significant clinical event, rendering affected individuals with immobility and a diminished quality of life. This bone, termed heterotopic ossification (HO), can appear in patients following invasive surgeries and traumatic injuries, as well as progressively manifest in several congenital disorders. A unifying feature of both genetic and nongenetic episodes of HO is immune system involvement at the early stages of disease. Activation of the immune system sets the stage for the downstream anabolic events that eventually result in ectopic bone formation, rendering the immune system a particularly appealing site of early therapeutic intervention for optimal management of disease. In this review, we will discuss the immunological contributions to HO disorders, with specific focus on contributing cell types, signaling pathways, relevant in vivo animal models, and potential therapeutic targets.
KW - Chemokines
KW - Complement
KW - Cytokines
KW - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
KW - Heterotopic ossification
KW - Immune system
KW - Lymphocytes
KW - Macrophages
KW - Mast cells
KW - Progressive osseous heteroplasia
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84925534285&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84925534285&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11914-015-0258-z
DO - 10.1007/s11914-015-0258-z
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25687936
AN - SCOPUS:84925534285
SN - 1544-1873
VL - 13
SP - 116
EP - 124
JO - Current osteoporosis reports
JF - Current osteoporosis reports
IS - 2
ER -