Abstract
Objective: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder. Method: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density. Results: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001). Conclusion: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 571-582 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica |
| Volume | 136 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Dec 2017 |
Keywords
- bipolar disorder
- circadian rhythm
- epidemiology
- solar insolation
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Psychiatry and Mental health
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol. 136, No. 6, 12.2017, p. 571-582.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Solar insolation in springtime influences age of onset of bipolar I disorder
AU - Bauer, M.
AU - Glenn, T.
AU - Alda, M.
AU - Aleksandrovich, M. A.
AU - Andreassen, O. A.
AU - Angelopoulos, E.
AU - Ardau, R.
AU - Ayhan, Y.
AU - Baethge, C.
AU - Bharathram, S. R.
AU - Bauer, R.
AU - Baune, B. T.
AU - Becerra-Palars, C.
AU - Bellivier, F.
AU - Belmaker, R. H.
AU - Berk, M.
AU - Bersudsky, Y.
AU - Bicakci,
AU - Birabwa-Oketcho, H.
AU - Bjella, T. D.
AU - Bossini, L.
AU - Cabrera, J.
AU - Cheung, E. Y.W.
AU - Del Zompo, M.
AU - Dodd, S.
AU - Donix, M.
AU - Etain, B.
AU - Fagiolini, A.
AU - Fountoulakis, K. N.
AU - Frye, M. A.
AU - Gonzalez-Pinto, A.
AU - Gottlieb, J. F.
AU - Grof, P.
AU - Harima, H.
AU - Henry, C.
AU - Isometsä, E. T.
AU - Janno, S.
AU - Kapczinski, F.
AU - Kardell, M.
AU - Khaldi, S.
AU - Kliwicki, S.
AU - König, B.
AU - Kot, T. L.
AU - Krogh, R.
AU - Kunz, M.
AU - Lafer, B.
AU - Landén, M.
AU - Larsen, E. R.
AU - Lewitzka, U.
AU - Licht, R. W.
AU - Lopez-Jaramillo, C.
AU - MacQueen, G.
AU - Manchia, M.
AU - Marsh, W.
AU - Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, M.
AU - Melle, I.
AU - Meza-Urzúa, F.
AU - Yee Ming, M.
AU - Monteith, S.
AU - Morken, G.
AU - Mosca, E.
AU - Munoz, R.
AU - Mythri, S. V.
AU - Nacef, F.
AU - Nadella, R. K.
AU - Nery, F. G.
AU - Nielsen, R. E.
AU - O'Donovan, C.
AU - Omrani, A.
AU - Osher, Y.
AU - Østermark Sørensen, H.
AU - Ouali, U.
AU - Pica Ruiz, Y.
AU - Pilhatsch, M.
AU - Pinna, M.
AU - da Ponte, F. D.R.
AU - Quiroz, D.
AU - Ramesar, R.
AU - Rasgon, N.
AU - Reddy, M. S.
AU - Reif, A.
AU - Ritter, P.
AU - Rybakowski, J. K.
AU - Sagduyu, K.
AU - Scippa, M.
AU - Severus, E.
AU - Simhandl, C.
AU - Stein, D. J.
AU - Strejilevich, S.
AU - Subramaniam, M.
AU - Sulaiman, A. H.
AU - Suominen, K.
AU - Tagata, H.
AU - Tatebayashi, Y.
AU - Tondo, L.
AU - Torrent, C.
AU - Vaaler, A. E.
AU - Veeh, J.
AU - Vieta, E.
AU - Viswanath, B.
AU - Yoldi-Negrete, M.
AU - Zetin, M.
AU - Zgueb, Y.
AU - Whybrow, P. C.
N1 - Funding Information: 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universit€at Dresden, Dresden, Germany, 2ChronoRecord Association, Fullerton, CA, USA, 3Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada, 4Soviet Psychoneurological Hospital, Urai, Russia, 5NORMENT – K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway, 6Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, National and Capodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece, 7Section of Neurosciences and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy, 8Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey, 9Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne Medical School, Cologne, Germany, 10Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India, 11Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia, 12National Institute of Psychiatry ‘“Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz”, Mexico City, Mexico, 13Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, FondaMental Foundation, INSERM UMR-S1144, Denis Diderot University, RenéDescartes University,Paris, France, 14Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beer Sheva Mental Health Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel, 15IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia, 16Department of Psychiatry, Orygen, the National Centre for Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Centre for Youth Mental Health and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia, 17Butabika Hospital, Kampala, Uganda, 18Department of Molecular Medicine and Department of Mental Health (DAI), University of Siena and University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy, 19Mood Disorders Clinic, Dr. Jose Horwitz Psychiatric Institute, Santiago de Chile, Chile , 20Department of General Adult Psychiatry, Castle Peak Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong, 21Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourneo, Parkville, Vic, Australia, 22Division of Neurosciences, 3rd Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece, 23Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, 24Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava, University of the Basque Country, CIBERSAM, Vitoria, Spain, 25Department of Psychiatry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA, 26Mood Disorders Center of Ottawa, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 27Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan, 28AP-HP, Hopitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor and INSERM U955 (IMRB) and UniversitéParis Est and Institut Pasteur, UnitéPerception et Mémoire, Paris, France, 29Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, 30National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, 31Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, 32Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, 33Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 34Private practice, Tunis, Tunisia, 35Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, 36BIPOLAR Zentrum Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, 37Khanty-Mansiysk Clinical Psychoneurological Hospital, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia, 38Department of Affective Disorders, Q, Mood Disorders Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark, 39Bipolar Disorder Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil, 40Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg and M€olndal, Sweden, 41Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, 42Unit for Psychiatric Research, Aalborg University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aalborg, Denmark, 43Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark, 44Mood Disorders Program, Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Research Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, 45Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 46Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, 47Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA, 48Department of General Psychiatry, Mood Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore, 49Traverse City Campus, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Traverse City, MI, USA, 50Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway, 51Department of Psychiatry, St Olavs’ University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway, 52Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA, 53Asha Bipolar Clinic, Asha Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, 54Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia, 55Tunisian Bipolar Forum, Érable Médical Cabinet 324, Tunis, Tunisia, 56Hospital “Ángeles del Pedregal”, Mexico City, Mexico, 57Lucio Bini Mood Disorder Center, Cagliari, Italy, 58Deparment of Psychiatry, Diego Portales University, Santiago de Chile, Chile, 59UCT/MRC Human Genetics Research Unit, Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 60Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 61Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universit€at Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 62Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA, 63Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, 64Department of Psychiatry, MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 65Bipolar Disorder Program, Neuroscience Institute, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 66Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore City, Singapore, 67Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 68Department of Social Services and Health Care, Psychiatry, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 69Schizophrenia & Affective Disorders Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Seatagaya, Tokyo, Japan, 70McLean Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, 71Mood Disorder Lucio Bini Centers, Cagliari e Roma, Italy, 72Clinical Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM,Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 73Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología - Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico, 74Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA and 75Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA Funding Information: Michael Berk is supported by an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1059660). Ole A Andreassen, Thomas DBjella and Ingrid Melle are supported by Research Council of Norway (223273) and KG Jebsen Stiftelsen. Ravi Nadella has received funding from the Accelerator program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells (ADBS), jointly funded by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, and the Pratiksha trust. Biju Viswanath has received funding by Department of Science and Technology INSPIRE scheme, Government of India. Mikael Landén was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council (K2014-62X-14647-12-51 and K2010-61P-21568-01-4), the Swedish foundation for Strategic Research (KF10-0039), and the Swedish Federal Government under the LUA/ALF agreement (ALF 20130032, ALFGBG-142041). Publisher Copyright: © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
PY - 2017/12
Y1 - 2017/12
N2 - Objective: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder. Method: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density. Results: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001). Conclusion: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.
AB - Objective: To confirm prior findings that the larger the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation in springtime, the younger the age of onset of bipolar disorder. Method: Data were collected from 5536 patients at 50 sites in 32 countries on six continents. Onset occurred at 456 locations in 57 countries. Variables included solar insolation, birth-cohort, family history, polarity of first episode and country physician density. Results: There was a significant, inverse association between the maximum monthly increase in solar insolation at the onset location, and the age of onset. This effect was reduced in those without a family history of mood disorders and with a first episode of mania rather than depression. The maximum monthly increase occurred in springtime. The youngest birth-cohort had the youngest age of onset. All prior relationships were confirmed using both the entire sample, and only the youngest birth-cohort (all estimated coefficients P < 0.001). Conclusion: A large increase in springtime solar insolation may impact the onset of bipolar disorder, especially with a family history of mood disorders. Recent societal changes that affect light exposure (LED lighting, mobile devices backlit with LEDs) may influence adaptability to a springtime circadian challenge.
KW - bipolar disorder
KW - circadian rhythm
KW - epidemiology
KW - solar insolation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85025072706&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85025072706&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/acps.12772
DO - 10.1111/acps.12772
M3 - Article
C2 - 28722128
AN - SCOPUS:85025072706
SN - 0001-690X
VL - 136
SP - 571
EP - 582
JO - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
JF - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
IS - 6
ER -