TY - JOUR
T1 - Perioperative Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Hysterectomy Compared with Open Hysterectomy
AU - Gali, Bhargavi
AU - Bakkum-Gamez, Jamie N.
AU - Plevak, David J.
AU - Schroeder, Darrell
AU - Wilson, Timothy O.
AU - Jankowski, Christopher J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 International Anesthesia Research Society.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of robotic hysterectomies (RH) are being performed. To provide ventilation (with pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position) for these procedures, utilization of lung protective strategies with limiting airway pressures and tidal volumes is difficult. Little is known about the effects of intraoperative mechanical ventilation and high peak airway pressures on perioperative complications. We performed a retrospective review to determine whether patients undergoing RH had increased pulmonary complications compared to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). METHODS: We performed a single center retrospective review comparing the intraoperative, anesthetic, and immediate and 30-day postoperative course of patients undergoing RH to TAH, including intraoperative ventilatory parameters and respiratory complications. Patients undergoing TAH (201) from 2004 to 2006 were compared to RH (251) from 2009 to 2012. It was our hypothesis that patients undergoing RH would have increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. A secondary hypothesis was that morbid obesity predicts pulmonary complications in patients undergoing RH. Complications were compared between groups using Fisher's exact test. To account for potential confounders, the primary analysis was performed for a subgroup of patients matched on the propensity for RH. RESULTS: A total of 351 RH and 201 TAH procedures are included. Higher inspiratory pressures were required in ventilation of the RH group (median [25th, 75th] 31 [26, 36] cm H2O) than the TAH group (23 [19, 27] cm H2O) (P <.001) at 30 minutes after incision. Peak inspiratory pressures at 30 minutes after incision for RH increased according to increasing body mass index group (P <.001). There were 163 RH and 163 TAH procedures included in the propensity matched analysis. From this analysis, there were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary complications between RH and TAH (0.6% vs 1.2%; odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.2-2.4; P = 1.00). Surgical site infection was significantly lower in the RH compared to TAH group (0.6% vs 8.6%; P <.001). Hospital length of stay was longer for those who underwent TAH versus RH (median [25th, 75th] 2 [2, 3] vs 1 [0, 2] days; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in perioperative complications in obese and morbidly obese women compared to nonobese undergoing RH. Patients undergoing RH had shorter hospital stays, fewer infectious complications, and no increase in overall complications compared to TAH. Higher ventilatory airway pressures (RH versus TAH and obese versus nonobese) did not result in an increase in cardiopulmonary or overall complications. We believe that peritoneal insufflation attenuates the effect of high airway pressures by raising intrapleural pressure and reducing the gradient across terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Thus, we propose that lung protective strategies for patients undergoing RH account for the markedly elevated intraperitoneal and intrapleural pressures, whereas transpulmonary airway pressures remain static. This reduced transpulmonary gradient attenuates the strain on lung tissue that would otherwise be imposed by ventilation at high pressures.
AB - BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of robotic hysterectomies (RH) are being performed. To provide ventilation (with pneumoperitoneum and steep Trendelenburg position) for these procedures, utilization of lung protective strategies with limiting airway pressures and tidal volumes is difficult. Little is known about the effects of intraoperative mechanical ventilation and high peak airway pressures on perioperative complications. We performed a retrospective review to determine whether patients undergoing RH had increased pulmonary complications compared to total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). METHODS: We performed a single center retrospective review comparing the intraoperative, anesthetic, and immediate and 30-day postoperative course of patients undergoing RH to TAH, including intraoperative ventilatory parameters and respiratory complications. Patients undergoing TAH (201) from 2004 to 2006 were compared to RH (251) from 2009 to 2012. It was our hypothesis that patients undergoing RH would have increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. A secondary hypothesis was that morbid obesity predicts pulmonary complications in patients undergoing RH. Complications were compared between groups using Fisher's exact test. To account for potential confounders, the primary analysis was performed for a subgroup of patients matched on the propensity for RH. RESULTS: A total of 351 RH and 201 TAH procedures are included. Higher inspiratory pressures were required in ventilation of the RH group (median [25th, 75th] 31 [26, 36] cm H2O) than the TAH group (23 [19, 27] cm H2O) (P <.001) at 30 minutes after incision. Peak inspiratory pressures at 30 minutes after incision for RH increased according to increasing body mass index group (P <.001). There were 163 RH and 163 TAH procedures included in the propensity matched analysis. From this analysis, there were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary complications between RH and TAH (0.6% vs 1.2%; odds ratio = 2.0, 95% confidence interval = 0.2-2.4; P = 1.00). Surgical site infection was significantly lower in the RH compared to TAH group (0.6% vs 8.6%; P <.001). Hospital length of stay was longer for those who underwent TAH versus RH (median [25th, 75th] 2 [2, 3] vs 1 [0, 2] days; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in perioperative complications in obese and morbidly obese women compared to nonobese undergoing RH. Patients undergoing RH had shorter hospital stays, fewer infectious complications, and no increase in overall complications compared to TAH. Higher ventilatory airway pressures (RH versus TAH and obese versus nonobese) did not result in an increase in cardiopulmonary or overall complications. We believe that peritoneal insufflation attenuates the effect of high airway pressures by raising intrapleural pressure and reducing the gradient across terminal bronchioles and alveoli. Thus, we propose that lung protective strategies for patients undergoing RH account for the markedly elevated intraperitoneal and intrapleural pressures, whereas transpulmonary airway pressures remain static. This reduced transpulmonary gradient attenuates the strain on lung tissue that would otherwise be imposed by ventilation at high pressures.
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U2 - 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001935
DO - 10.1213/ANE.0000000000001935
M3 - Article
C2 - 28430689
AN - SCOPUS:85018807232
SN - 0003-2999
VL - 126
SP - 127
EP - 133
JO - Anesthesia and analgesia
JF - Anesthesia and analgesia
IS - 1
ER -