TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal antibody titer, avidity, and neutralizing responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection
AU - Monroe, Jonathon M.
AU - Haralambieva, Iana H.
AU - Warner, Nathaniel D.
AU - Grill, Diane E.
AU - Quach, Huy Quang
AU - Kennedy, Richard B.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - While waning immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variant immune escape continue to result in high infection rates worldwide, associations between longitudinal quantitative, qualitative, and functional humoral immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. In this study, we found significant waning of antibody against Spike S1 (R = −0.32, p = 0.035) and N protein (R = −0.39, p = 0.008), while RBD antibody moderately decreased (R = −0.19, p = 0.203). Likewise, neutralizing antibody titer (ND50) waned over time (R = −0.46, p = 0.001). In contrast, antibody avidity increased significantly over time for Spike S1 (R = 0.62, p = 6.0e−06), RBD (R = 0.54, p = 2.0e−04), and N (R = 0.33, p = 0.025) antibodies. Across all humoral responses, ND50 strongly associated with Spike S1 (R = 0.85, p = 2.7e−13) and RBD (R = 0.78, p = 2.9e−10) antibodies. Our findings provide longitudinal insight into humoral immune responses after infection and imply the potential of Spike S1/RBD antibody titer as surrogate correlates of protection.
AB - While waning immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variant immune escape continue to result in high infection rates worldwide, associations between longitudinal quantitative, qualitative, and functional humoral immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection remain unclear. In this study, we found significant waning of antibody against Spike S1 (R = −0.32, p = 0.035) and N protein (R = −0.39, p = 0.008), while RBD antibody moderately decreased (R = −0.19, p = 0.203). Likewise, neutralizing antibody titer (ND50) waned over time (R = −0.46, p = 0.001). In contrast, antibody avidity increased significantly over time for Spike S1 (R = 0.62, p = 6.0e−06), RBD (R = 0.54, p = 2.0e−04), and N (R = 0.33, p = 0.025) antibodies. Across all humoral responses, ND50 strongly associated with Spike S1 (R = 0.85, p = 2.7e−13) and RBD (R = 0.78, p = 2.9e−10) antibodies. Our findings provide longitudinal insight into humoral immune responses after infection and imply the potential of Spike S1/RBD antibody titer as surrogate correlates of protection.
KW - Antibody avidity
KW - COVID-19
KW - Humoral immunity
KW - Longitudinal immunity
KW - Neutralization
KW - SARS-CoV-2
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U2 - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11676
DO - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11676
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85142490267
SN - 2405-8440
VL - 8
JO - Heliyon
JF - Heliyon
IS - 11
M1 - e11676
ER -