Intraneural hematoma: A proposed anatomic classification with potential treatment implications

Intraneural hematoma is a rare entity with fewer than 20 cases reported in the literature. There is no consensus on surgical treatment due to its rarity. We present a novel classification for intraneural hematomas based on a review of the literature and illustrated by 4 cases that were treated in our 3 centers. This classification system localizes the hematoma to the different connective tissue layers that compose the nerve: the paraneurium, epineurium, and perineurium. We believe that this classification has consequences for surgical treatment and can form the foundation for future research into the natural history of these types of lesions.