TY - JOUR
T1 - Increased retinoic acid receptor-β4 correlates in vivo with reduced retinoic acid receptor-β2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
AU - Xu, Xiao Chun
AU - Lee, J. Jack
AU - Wu, Tsung Teh
AU - Hoque, Ashraful
AU - Ajani, Jeffer A.
AU - Lippman, Scott M.
PY - 2005/4
Y1 - 2005/4
N2 - Different retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) isoforms seem to have contrasting biological effects in human carcinogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate that RAR-β2 expression is frequently lost or reduced (and transfecting RAR-β2 suppresses growth and promotes apoptosis) in various cancer cells and tissues, whereas RAR-β4 expression is increased in several cancer cell lines. To clarify the effects of different RAR-β isoforms in esophageal carcinogenesis, we used real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to assess in vivo RAR-β mRNA levels in specimens of normal and malignant human esophageal tissue, comparing these levels with each other and the expressions of other genes. RAR- β2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced (i.e., lower in cancer than normal tissue) in 67% (18 of 27, P = 0.001) and RAR- β4 mRNA was increased in 52% (14 of 27, P = 0.054) of our esophageal cancer cases. The expressions of RAR-β1, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor-I (COUP-TFI), COUP-TFII, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) mRNA were reduced, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclin D1 expressions were increased in tumor compared with in normal tissues. Reduced RAR-β2 expression correlated with increased RAR- β4 expression (P = 0.002) and with the suppression of COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII (P = 0.050 and 0.023, respectively) in tumor samples. These are the first in vivo expression patterns of RAR-β2 and RAR-β4 reported in humans or animals and support the in vitro data on these isoforms and their contrasting biological effects in human carcinogenesis.
AB - Different retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) isoforms seem to have contrasting biological effects in human carcinogenesis. Both in vitro and in vivo data indicate that RAR-β2 expression is frequently lost or reduced (and transfecting RAR-β2 suppresses growth and promotes apoptosis) in various cancer cells and tissues, whereas RAR-β4 expression is increased in several cancer cell lines. To clarify the effects of different RAR-β isoforms in esophageal carcinogenesis, we used real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to assess in vivo RAR-β mRNA levels in specimens of normal and malignant human esophageal tissue, comparing these levels with each other and the expressions of other genes. RAR- β2 mRNA expression was significantly reduced (i.e., lower in cancer than normal tissue) in 67% (18 of 27, P = 0.001) and RAR- β4 mRNA was increased in 52% (14 of 27, P = 0.054) of our esophageal cancer cases. The expressions of RAR-β1, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor-I (COUP-TFI), COUP-TFII, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) mRNA were reduced, whereas epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclin D1 expressions were increased in tumor compared with in normal tissues. Reduced RAR-β2 expression correlated with increased RAR- β4 expression (P = 0.002) and with the suppression of COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII (P = 0.050 and 0.023, respectively) in tumor samples. These are the first in vivo expression patterns of RAR-β2 and RAR-β4 reported in humans or animals and support the in vitro data on these isoforms and their contrasting biological effects in human carcinogenesis.
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U2 - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0500
DO - 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0500
M3 - Article
C2 - 15824151
AN - SCOPUS:16444379652
SN - 1055-9965
VL - 14
SP - 826
EP - 829
JO - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
JF - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
IS - 4
ER -