TY - JOUR
T1 - In vivo toxicity studies of europium hydroxide nanorods in mice
AU - Patra, Chitta Ranjan
AU - Abdel Moneim, Soha S.
AU - Wang, Enfeng
AU - Dutta, Shamit
AU - Patra, Sujata
AU - Eshed, Michal
AU - Mukherjee, Priyabrata
AU - Gedanken, Aharon
AU - Shah, Vijay H.
AU - Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant (HL70567 to D.M) and also partly supported by UOFM-MEDICA# 5P1, a grant from Minnesota Partnership for translational Nanotechnology in Cancer to P. M.
PY - 2009/10/1
Y1 - 2009/10/1
N2 - Lanthanide nanoparticles and nanorods have been widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in biomedical nanotechnology due to their fluorescence and pro-angiogenic properties to endothelial cells, respectively. Recently, we have demonstrated that europium (III) hydroxide [EuIII(OH)3] nanorods, synthesized by the microwave technique and characterized by several physico-chemical techniques, can be used as pro-angiogenic agents which introduce future therapeutic treatment strategies for severe ischemic heart/limb disease, and peripheral ischemic disease. The toxicity of these inorganic nanorods to endothelial cells was supported by several in vitro assays. To determine the in vivo toxicity, these nanorods were administered to mice through intraperitoneal injection (IP) everyday over a period of seven days in a dose dependent (1.25 to 125 mg kg- 1 day- 1) and time dependent manner (8-60 days). Bio-distribution of europium elements in different organs was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Short-term (S-T) and long-term (L-T) toxicity studies (mice euthanized on days 8 and 60 for S-T and L-T, respectively) show normal blood hematology and serum clinical chemistry with the exception of a slight elevation of liver enzymes. Histological examination of nanorod-treated vital organs (liver, kidney, spleen and lungs) showed no or only mild histological changes that indicate mild toxicity at the higher dose of nanorods.
AB - Lanthanide nanoparticles and nanorods have been widely used for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in biomedical nanotechnology due to their fluorescence and pro-angiogenic properties to endothelial cells, respectively. Recently, we have demonstrated that europium (III) hydroxide [EuIII(OH)3] nanorods, synthesized by the microwave technique and characterized by several physico-chemical techniques, can be used as pro-angiogenic agents which introduce future therapeutic treatment strategies for severe ischemic heart/limb disease, and peripheral ischemic disease. The toxicity of these inorganic nanorods to endothelial cells was supported by several in vitro assays. To determine the in vivo toxicity, these nanorods were administered to mice through intraperitoneal injection (IP) everyday over a period of seven days in a dose dependent (1.25 to 125 mg kg- 1 day- 1) and time dependent manner (8-60 days). Bio-distribution of europium elements in different organs was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Short-term (S-T) and long-term (L-T) toxicity studies (mice euthanized on days 8 and 60 for S-T and L-T, respectively) show normal blood hematology and serum clinical chemistry with the exception of a slight elevation of liver enzymes. Histological examination of nanorod-treated vital organs (liver, kidney, spleen and lungs) showed no or only mild histological changes that indicate mild toxicity at the higher dose of nanorods.
KW - Eu(OH)
KW - Europium(III)hydroxide nanorods
KW - HUVECs
KW - Histology
KW - ICPMS
KW - In vivo toxicity
KW - Microwave
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U2 - 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.009
DO - 10.1016/j.taap.2009.07.009
M3 - Article
C2 - 19616569
AN - SCOPUS:69749098872
SN - 0041-008X
VL - 240
SP - 88
EP - 98
JO - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
JF - Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
IS - 1
ER -