TY - JOUR
T1 - Factors that influence the measurement of prostate cancer DNA ploidy and proliferation in paraffin embedded tissue evaluated by flow cytometry
AU - So, Mathew J.
AU - Cheville, John C.
AU - Katzmann, Jerry A.
AU - Riehle, Darren L.
AU - Lohse, Christine M.
AU - Pankratz, V. Shane
AU - Sebo, Thomas J.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - DNA ploidy and proliferation have been shown in several studies to be prognostic markers for prostate cancer. Flow cytometry (FCM) is often used in the determination of ploidy and proliferation. However, FCM cannot readily distinguish among benign epithelium, stromal and inflammatory cells, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated H&E histologic features of 322 radical prostatectomy formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks used for determining DNA ploidy, percent S-phase (%S), and %S + %G2M by FCM. The microscopic findings included Gleason score, extent of cancer and HGPIN in the tissue block, and presence of a needle track. The amount of cancer in the block was expressed as a percentage of the total tissue surface area in quartiles: ≤25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and ≥76%. The extent of HGPIN was recorded in rough 5% intervals. Needle track effect was defined as a combination of fibrohistiocytic reaction, fibrin clot, granuloma formation, and chronic inflammation. The associations between these histologic features and DNA ploidy and proliferation (%S and %S + %G2M) were assessed. In multivariate analyses, Gleason score, the amount of tumor in the tissue block, and the extent of HGPIN were significantly associated with ploidy. Gleason score was the only parameter significantly associated with the proliferation measure of %S. If we included %G2M as part of the proliferative fraction of the histogram, however, both Gleason score and the amount of tumor in the block were significantly associated with this measure of proliferation. The presence of a needle track was not significantly associated with DNA ploidy, %S, or %S + %G2M. In summary, prostate cancer DNA ploidy and proliferation results assessed by FCM in paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were associated with the Gleason score, amount of cancer in the tissue block, and extent of HGPIN. However, the presence of a needle track was not associated with the FCM results.
AB - DNA ploidy and proliferation have been shown in several studies to be prognostic markers for prostate cancer. Flow cytometry (FCM) is often used in the determination of ploidy and proliferation. However, FCM cannot readily distinguish among benign epithelium, stromal and inflammatory cells, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), and cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated H&E histologic features of 322 radical prostatectomy formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks used for determining DNA ploidy, percent S-phase (%S), and %S + %G2M by FCM. The microscopic findings included Gleason score, extent of cancer and HGPIN in the tissue block, and presence of a needle track. The amount of cancer in the block was expressed as a percentage of the total tissue surface area in quartiles: ≤25%, 26-50%, 51-75%, and ≥76%. The extent of HGPIN was recorded in rough 5% intervals. Needle track effect was defined as a combination of fibrohistiocytic reaction, fibrin clot, granuloma formation, and chronic inflammation. The associations between these histologic features and DNA ploidy and proliferation (%S and %S + %G2M) were assessed. In multivariate analyses, Gleason score, the amount of tumor in the tissue block, and the extent of HGPIN were significantly associated with ploidy. Gleason score was the only parameter significantly associated with the proliferation measure of %S. If we included %G2M as part of the proliferative fraction of the histogram, however, both Gleason score and the amount of tumor in the block were significantly associated with this measure of proliferation. The presence of a needle track was not significantly associated with DNA ploidy, %S, or %S + %G2M. In summary, prostate cancer DNA ploidy and proliferation results assessed by FCM in paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were associated with the Gleason score, amount of cancer in the tissue block, and extent of HGPIN. However, the presence of a needle track was not associated with the FCM results.
KW - Carcinoma
KW - DNA ploidy
KW - Flow cytometry
KW - High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
KW - Needle track
KW - Prostate
KW - Prostatectomy
KW - Tumor volume
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034827803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0034827803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/modpathol.3880410
DO - 10.1038/modpathol.3880410
M3 - Article
C2 - 11557788
AN - SCOPUS:0034827803
SN - 0893-3952
VL - 14
SP - 906
EP - 912
JO - Modern Pathology
JF - Modern Pathology
IS - 9
ER -