TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluating the Association Between Sociodemographic and Health Variables With Baseline Concussion Testing in Young Athletes
AU - Kreitner, Liga
AU - Crowley, Eric
AU - Weaver, Amy
AU - Wi, Chung Il
AU - Soma, David
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2023.
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - Background: Baseline concussion testing can be helpful to perform when providing concussion care for young athletes. To appropriately interpret these data, it is important to understand how certain factors may affect concussion testing. Purpose: To examine the relationship of sociodemographic and health variables with baseline concussion testing in young athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: High school and middle school athletes competing in sports or positions at high risk for concussion (football, soccer, ice hockey, wrestling, lacrosse, and pitchers/catchers in baseball/softball) during the 2020-2021 or 2021-2022 academic years completed annual baseline concussion testing and were included in the study. Baseline data included self-reported demographic and medical information, a graded symptom checklist, the Standardized Assessment of Concussion, and the King-Devick test. A validated measure, HOUSES (HOUsing-based index of SocioEconomic Status), was used to determine participants’ socioeconomic status (SES) by linking personal address information to publicly available property data. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to analyze the relationship of concussion baseline testing to sociodemographic and health variables. Results: Among the eligible 2747 athletes (mean age, 15.4 ± 1.5 years; 73.6% male), the mean Standardized Assessment of Concussion score was 26.7 ± 2.0 and the mean best King-Devick test time was 50.3 ± 10.1 seconds. Higher baseline symptom severity scores were related to lower SES (P =.002). A lower (ie, poorer) mean Standardized Assessment of Concussion score was significantly associated with the following in the multivariable model: male sex (P <.001), younger age (P <.001), Black/African American race (P =.029), Hispanic ethnicity (P =.016), previous diagnosis of learning disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (P <.001), and lower SES (P =.003). A higher (ie, poorer) mean King-Devick test time was related to younger age, previous diagnosis of a learning disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and lower SES (all P <.001). Conclusion: Baseline concussion testing was found to be associated with certain sociodemographic variables and underlying health conditions in high school and middle school athletes.
AB - Background: Baseline concussion testing can be helpful to perform when providing concussion care for young athletes. To appropriately interpret these data, it is important to understand how certain factors may affect concussion testing. Purpose: To examine the relationship of sociodemographic and health variables with baseline concussion testing in young athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: High school and middle school athletes competing in sports or positions at high risk for concussion (football, soccer, ice hockey, wrestling, lacrosse, and pitchers/catchers in baseball/softball) during the 2020-2021 or 2021-2022 academic years completed annual baseline concussion testing and were included in the study. Baseline data included self-reported demographic and medical information, a graded symptom checklist, the Standardized Assessment of Concussion, and the King-Devick test. A validated measure, HOUSES (HOUsing-based index of SocioEconomic Status), was used to determine participants’ socioeconomic status (SES) by linking personal address information to publicly available property data. Multivariable linear regression models were fit to analyze the relationship of concussion baseline testing to sociodemographic and health variables. Results: Among the eligible 2747 athletes (mean age, 15.4 ± 1.5 years; 73.6% male), the mean Standardized Assessment of Concussion score was 26.7 ± 2.0 and the mean best King-Devick test time was 50.3 ± 10.1 seconds. Higher baseline symptom severity scores were related to lower SES (P =.002). A lower (ie, poorer) mean Standardized Assessment of Concussion score was significantly associated with the following in the multivariable model: male sex (P <.001), younger age (P <.001), Black/African American race (P =.029), Hispanic ethnicity (P =.016), previous diagnosis of learning disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (P <.001), and lower SES (P =.003). A higher (ie, poorer) mean King-Devick test time was related to younger age, previous diagnosis of a learning disorder or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and lower SES (all P <.001). Conclusion: Baseline concussion testing was found to be associated with certain sociodemographic variables and underlying health conditions in high school and middle school athletes.
KW - clinical assessment
KW - head injuries/concussion
KW - pediatric sports medicine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85179354603&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85179354603&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/23259671231214222
DO - 10.1177/23259671231214222
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85179354603
SN - 2325-9671
VL - 11
JO - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
IS - 12
ER -