TY - JOUR
T1 - Estimating the number of patients eligible for carbon ion radiotherapy in the United States
AU - Malouff, Timothy D.
AU - Vallow, Laura A.
AU - Seneviratne, Danushka
AU - Mahajan, Anita
AU - Foote, Robert L.
AU - Hoppe, Bradford
AU - Beltran, Chris
AU - Buskirk, Steven J.
AU - Krishnan, Sunil
AU - Trifiletti, Daniel M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Conflicts of Interest: Bradford S. Hoppe, MD, MPH, and Anita Mahajan, MD, are Associate Editors of the International Journal of Particle Therapy. Daniel M. Trifiletti, MD, has received clinical trial funding from Novocure and publishing fees from Springer, outside of the submitted work. All authors contributed to the writing, editing, and final approval of this article. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Funding: The authors have no funding to disclose. Ethical Approval: As a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD) analysis, this study was determined to be exempt from institutional review board approval.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Author(s)
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - Purpose: Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging radiotherapy modality with potential advantages over conventional photon-based therapy, including exhibiting a Bragg peak and greater relative biological effectiveness, leading to a higher degree of cell kill. Currently, 13 centers are treating with CIRT, although there are no centers in the United States. We aimed to estimate the number of patients eligible for a CIRT center in the United States. Materials and Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we analyzed the incidence of cancers frequently treated with CIRT internationally (glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, localized prostate cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, and specific head and neck cancers) diagnosed in the United States in 2015. The percentage and number of patients likely benefiting from CIRT was estimated with inclusion criteria from clinical trials and retrospective studies, and that ratio was applied to 2019 cancer statistics. An adaption correction rate was applied to estimate the potential number of patients treated with CIRT. Given the high dependency on prostate and lung cancers and the uncertain adoption of CIRT in those diseases, the data were then reanalyzed excluding those diagnoses. Results: Of the 1 127 455 new cases of cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2015, there were 213 073 patients (18.9%) eligible for treatment with CIRT based on inclusion criteria. When applying this rate and the adaption correction rate to the 2019 incidence data, an estimated 89 946 patients (42.2% of those fitting inclusion criteria) are eligible for CIRT. Excluding prostate and lung cancers, there were an estimated 8922 patients (10% of those eligible for CIRT) eligible for CIRT. The number of patients eligible for CIRT is estimated to increase by 25% to 27.7% by 2025. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests a need for CIRT in the United States in 2019, with the number of patients possibly eligible to receive CIRT expected to increase during the coming 5 to 10 years.
AB - Purpose: Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging radiotherapy modality with potential advantages over conventional photon-based therapy, including exhibiting a Bragg peak and greater relative biological effectiveness, leading to a higher degree of cell kill. Currently, 13 centers are treating with CIRT, although there are no centers in the United States. We aimed to estimate the number of patients eligible for a CIRT center in the United States. Materials and Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we analyzed the incidence of cancers frequently treated with CIRT internationally (glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, localized prostate cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, and specific head and neck cancers) diagnosed in the United States in 2015. The percentage and number of patients likely benefiting from CIRT was estimated with inclusion criteria from clinical trials and retrospective studies, and that ratio was applied to 2019 cancer statistics. An adaption correction rate was applied to estimate the potential number of patients treated with CIRT. Given the high dependency on prostate and lung cancers and the uncertain adoption of CIRT in those diseases, the data were then reanalyzed excluding those diagnoses. Results: Of the 1 127 455 new cases of cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2015, there were 213 073 patients (18.9%) eligible for treatment with CIRT based on inclusion criteria. When applying this rate and the adaption correction rate to the 2019 incidence data, an estimated 89 946 patients (42.2% of those fitting inclusion criteria) are eligible for CIRT. Excluding prostate and lung cancers, there were an estimated 8922 patients (10% of those eligible for CIRT) eligible for CIRT. The number of patients eligible for CIRT is estimated to increase by 25% to 27.7% by 2025. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests a need for CIRT in the United States in 2019, with the number of patients possibly eligible to receive CIRT expected to increase during the coming 5 to 10 years.
KW - Carbon
KW - Hadron
KW - Heavy
KW - US
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U2 - 10.14338/ijpt-19-00079.1
DO - 10.14338/ijpt-19-00079.1
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097532170
SN - 2331-5180
VL - 7
SP - 31
EP - 41
JO - International Journal of Particle Therapy
JF - International Journal of Particle Therapy
IS - 2
ER -