Enhancing Patient Care in Rare Genetic Diseases: An HPO-based Phenotyping Pipeline

Yao Xiao, Moein Enayati, Gavin M. Schaeferle, Brendan C. Lanpher, Eric W. Klee, Che Ngufor

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

Abstract

Identifying rare genetic diseases poses challenges, often resulting in delayed referrals to genetic specialty care. Consequently, a large number of rare diseases remain undiagnosed for years, with many of these patients often dying without an accurate diagnosis. To help address these diagnostic odysseys, we propose a two-step pipeline using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques leveraging raw clinical text narratives of patients from longitudinal clinical data in electronic health records (EHR). Our approach employs two state-of-the-art concept recognition algorithms, ClinPhen and PhenoTagger, to extract human phenotype ontology (HPO) terms from the clinical notes and ML algorithms to identify patients who may benefit from referral. By identifying key phrases indicative of rare diseases, our system can prompt healthcare providers to seek clinical genomics consultations, improving diagnosis and patient outcomes. We evaluated the predictive performance of extracted HPO terms using different ML models. Our strategy and methodological approach are intended to serve as complementary steps in aiding clinicians and researchers to improve the diagnosis efficiency of rare genetic diseases.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationProceedings - 2023 2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023
EditorsXingpeng Jiang, Haiying Wang, Reda Alhajj, Xiaohua Hu, Felix Engel, Mufti Mahmud, Nadia Pisanti, Xuefeng Cui, Hong Song
PublisherInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Pages2754-2760
Number of pages7
ISBN (Electronic)9798350337488
DOIs
StatePublished - 2023
Event2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023 - Istanbul, Turkey
Duration: Dec 5 2023Dec 8 2023

Publication series

NameProceedings - 2023 2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023

Conference

Conference2023 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2023
Country/TerritoryTurkey
CityIstanbul
Period12/5/2312/8/23

Keywords

  • Clinical Notes
  • Human Phenotype Extraction
  • Machine Learning
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Rare Genetic Diseases
  • Referral Prediction

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Science Applications
  • Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
  • Automotive Engineering
  • Modeling and Simulation
  • Health Informatics

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