TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of sex and APOE on Parkinson’s Disease-related cognitive decline
AU - Tipton, Philip W.
AU - Bülbül, Nazli G.
AU - Crook, Julia E.
AU - Quicksall, Zachary
AU - Ross, Owen A.
AU - Uitti, Ryan J.
AU - Wszolek, Zbigniew K.
AU - Ertekin-Taner, Nilüfer
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements: We thank Audrey Strongosky for her role in coordinating various aspects of the clinical enrollment for this study as well as the patients and their families for their participation; without them, these studies would not have been possible. Mayo Clinic is an American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA) Mayo Clinic Information and Referral Centre, an APDA Centre for Advanced Research and Mayo Clinic Lewy Body Dementia Association (LBDA) Research Centre of Excellence. NET is funded in part by NIH/NIA U01 AG046139, RF1 AG051504, and R01 AG061796. OAR is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH; R01 NS78086; U54 NS100693; U54 NS110435), the US Department of Defense (W81XWH-17-1-0249), Mayo Clinic Centre for Individualised Medicine, the Little Family Foundation, the Mangurian Foundation for Lewy Body Research, and the Functional Genomics of LBD Programme at the Mayo Clinic. Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Conflict of the interest: ZW received support from the Mayo Clinic Centre for Regenerative Medicine, and gifts from the Sol Goldman Charitable Trust, and the Donald G. and Jodi P. Heeringa Family, the Haworth Family Professorship in Neurodegenerative Diseases Fund, and the Albertson Parkinson’s Research Foundation. He serves as PI or Co-PI on Biogen, Inc. (228PD201), Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (BHV4157-206 and BHV3241-301), and Neuraly, Inc. (NLY01-PD-1) grants. He serves as PI of the Mayo Clinic American Parkinson Disease Association (APDA) Information and Referral Centre. He is co-editor-in-chief of Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska (Polish Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery). ©2021 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2021 Polish Neurological Society.
PY - 2021/12/22
Y1 - 2021/12/22
N2 - Introduction. Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson’s Disease, but the impact of predictive factors on incidence and rate of cognitive decline is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the effects of sex and APOEallele status on cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 325 clinically diagnosed PD patients who underwent one or more cognitive screenings with a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) or Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2). We used proportional odds regression models to estimate odds ratios for higher versus lower cognitive scores in association with age, sex, education, disease duration, and APOE allele status. Results. Higher cognitive scores were independently associated with female sex on the MMSE (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.14, 5.14) and DRS-2 total (OR 4.14; 95% CI 2.01, 8.53). APOE ε4 dose was associated with lower DRS-2 totals (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22, 0.81), but there was no evidence of association with MMSE. Higher education level was also associated with higher scores on the MMSE (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07, 1.38) and DRS-2 total (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.15, 1.50). Disease duration was not associated with cognitive performance on any measure when adjusting for age. Conclusion. Male sex and APOE ε4, along with age and lower education level, were associated with poorer cognitive performance among a population of predominantly non-demented PD patients.
AB - Introduction. Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson’s Disease, but the impact of predictive factors on incidence and rate of cognitive decline is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine the effects of sex and APOEallele status on cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 325 clinically diagnosed PD patients who underwent one or more cognitive screenings with a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) or Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS-2). We used proportional odds regression models to estimate odds ratios for higher versus lower cognitive scores in association with age, sex, education, disease duration, and APOE allele status. Results. Higher cognitive scores were independently associated with female sex on the MMSE (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.14, 5.14) and DRS-2 total (OR 4.14; 95% CI 2.01, 8.53). APOE ε4 dose was associated with lower DRS-2 totals (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22, 0.81), but there was no evidence of association with MMSE. Higher education level was also associated with higher scores on the MMSE (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.07, 1.38) and DRS-2 total (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.15, 1.50). Disease duration was not associated with cognitive performance on any measure when adjusting for age. Conclusion. Male sex and APOE ε4, along with age and lower education level, were associated with poorer cognitive performance among a population of predominantly non-demented PD patients.
KW - APOE
KW - Cognition
KW - Genetics
KW - Parkinson’s Disease
KW - Sex
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U2 - 10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0071
DO - 10.5603/PJNNS.a2021.0071
M3 - Article
C2 - 34642926
AN - SCOPUS:85122209418
SN - 0028-3843
VL - 55
SP - 559
EP - 566
JO - Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska
JF - Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska
IS - 6
ER -