TY - JOUR
T1 - Description of anxiety levels by individual differences and clinical factors in patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support
AU - Chlan, Linda L.
N1 - Funding Information:
Consideration of pre-treatment, individual differences is very important for the researcher submitting a grant application for extramural funding to the NIH. Because of various health disparities by ethnic groups and salient differences in symptom interpretation and treatment by gender, NIH grant proposals must include women and minorities when developing a research design appropriate to the scientific objectives of the proposed project. 15 NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials must address whether the researcher expects to find clinically important gender or race or ethnicity differences in the intervention effect and include a plan to conduct valid analyses to detect any significant differences on these variables. Any known baseline or pretreatment differences will impact the recruitment and analysis plan as well as any salient intervention effects. Anxiety levels appear similar regardless of gender in this sample. This information could be useful to the investigator in demonstrating that there are no salient pretreatment differences for anxiety to consider when writing the plan for recruitment and data analysis for gender. There may, however, be pretreatment differences in anxiety among ethnic groups. This information would be beneficial to the researcher in providing direction in developing the study design, scientific objectives, and analysis plan to determine if there are significant treatment responses among ethnic participants for any proposed anxiety reduction intervention trial.
PY - 2003
Y1 - 2003
N2 - BACKGROUND: Though anxiety is a common experience for patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support, little is known about how it may vary among patients on the basis of individual or clinical factors. There is an absence of data objectively describing anxiety levels in ventilated patients on the basis of salient factors that could be useful in designing and tailoring interventions. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe anxiety levels in a sample of mechanically ventilated patients by individual differences (eg, gender or ethnicity) and clinical factors (eg, medical indication for and length of mechanical ventilation). SAMPLE: Two hundred alert, mechanically ventilated adult patients were recruited from 9 intensive care units in the urban Midwest. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of existing data that used a descriptive design. Anxiety was assessed via the 20-item Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: Whereas state anxiety varied widely, participants receiving mechanical ventilatory support reported moderate anxiety (mean = 49.2) with comparable levels by gender and ethnicity. Patients receiving ventilatory support for greater than 22 days tended to report slightly higher state anxiety (mean = 54.2) compared with those chronically ventilator dependent (mean = 45.8). Those participants with primarily respiratory diagnoses reported the highest levels (50.5) among the diagnostic groups. Findings from this study document the individual, variable nature of state anxiety. Additional research is needed to further elucidate whether these and other important clinical factors, such as illness severity or dyspnea, affect state anxiety ratings in ventilated patients to guide the researcher and clinician in appropriately testing and tailoring interventions.
AB - BACKGROUND: Though anxiety is a common experience for patients receiving mechanical ventilatory support, little is known about how it may vary among patients on the basis of individual or clinical factors. There is an absence of data objectively describing anxiety levels in ventilated patients on the basis of salient factors that could be useful in designing and tailoring interventions. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe anxiety levels in a sample of mechanically ventilated patients by individual differences (eg, gender or ethnicity) and clinical factors (eg, medical indication for and length of mechanical ventilation). SAMPLE: Two hundred alert, mechanically ventilated adult patients were recruited from 9 intensive care units in the urban Midwest. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of existing data that used a descriptive design. Anxiety was assessed via the 20-item Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: Whereas state anxiety varied widely, participants receiving mechanical ventilatory support reported moderate anxiety (mean = 49.2) with comparable levels by gender and ethnicity. Patients receiving ventilatory support for greater than 22 days tended to report slightly higher state anxiety (mean = 54.2) compared with those chronically ventilator dependent (mean = 45.8). Those participants with primarily respiratory diagnoses reported the highest levels (50.5) among the diagnostic groups. Findings from this study document the individual, variable nature of state anxiety. Additional research is needed to further elucidate whether these and other important clinical factors, such as illness severity or dyspnea, affect state anxiety ratings in ventilated patients to guide the researcher and clinician in appropriately testing and tailoring interventions.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0147-9563(03)00096-7
DO - 10.1016/S0147-9563(03)00096-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 12891169
AN - SCOPUS:0042768504
SN - 0147-9563
VL - 32
SP - 275
EP - 282
JO - Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care
JF - Heart and Lung: Journal of Acute and Critical Care
IS - 4
ER -