TY - JOUR
T1 - Cystatin C-Based Equation to Estimate GFR without the Inclusion of Race and Sex
AU - Pottel, Hans
AU - Björk, Jonas
AU - Rule, Andrew D.
AU - Ebert, Natalie
AU - Eriksen, Björn O.
AU - Dubourg, Laurence
AU - Vidal-Petiot, Emmanuelle
AU - Grubb, Anders
AU - Hansson, Magnus
AU - Lamb, Edmund J.
AU - Littmann, Karin
AU - Mariat, Christophe
AU - Melsom, Toralf
AU - Schaeffner, Elke
AU - Sundin, Per Ola
AU - Åkesson, Anna
AU - Larsson, Anders
AU - Cavalier, Etienne
AU - Bukabau, Justine B.
AU - Sumaili, Ernest K.
AU - Yayo, Eric
AU - Monnet, Dagui
AU - Flamant, Martin
AU - Nyman, Ulf
AU - Delanaye, Pierre
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Massachusetts Medical Society.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Background: The accuracy of estimation of kidney function with the use of routine metabolic tests, such as measurement of the serum creatinine level, has been controversial. The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) developed a creatinine-based equation (EKFC eGFRcr) to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with a rescaled serum creatinine level (i.e., the serum creatinine level is divided by the median serum creatinine level among healthy persons to control for variation related to differences in age, sex, or race). Whether a cystatin C-based EKFC equation would increase the accuracy of estimated GFR is unknown. Methods: We used data from patients in Sweden to estimate the rescaling factor for the cystatin C level in adults. We then replaced rescaled serum creatinine in the EKFC eGFRcr equation with rescaled cystatin C, and we validated the resulting EKFC eGFRcys equation in cohorts of White patients and Black patients in Europe, the United States, and Africa, according to measured GFR, levels of serum creatinine and cystatin C, age, and sex. Results: On the basis of data from 227,643 patients in Sweden, the rescaling factor for cystatin C was estimated at 0.83 for men and women younger than 50 years of age and 0.83+0.005×(age-50) for those 50 years of age or older. The EKFC eGFRcys equation was unbiased, had accuracy that was similar to that of the EKFC eGFRcr equation in both White patients and Black patients (11,231 patients from Europe, 1093 from the United States, and 508 from Africa), and was more accurate than the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFRcys equation recommended by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. The arithmetic mean of EKFC eGFRcr and EKFC eGFRcys further improved the accuracy of estimated GFR over estimates from either biomarker equation alone. Conclusions: The EKFC eGFRcys equation had the same mathematical form as the EKFC eGFRcr equation, but it had a scaling factor for cystatin C that did not differ according to race or sex. In cohorts from Europe, the United States, and Africa, this equation improved the accuracy of GFR assessment over that of commonly used equations.
AB - Background: The accuracy of estimation of kidney function with the use of routine metabolic tests, such as measurement of the serum creatinine level, has been controversial. The European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) developed a creatinine-based equation (EKFC eGFRcr) to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with a rescaled serum creatinine level (i.e., the serum creatinine level is divided by the median serum creatinine level among healthy persons to control for variation related to differences in age, sex, or race). Whether a cystatin C-based EKFC equation would increase the accuracy of estimated GFR is unknown. Methods: We used data from patients in Sweden to estimate the rescaling factor for the cystatin C level in adults. We then replaced rescaled serum creatinine in the EKFC eGFRcr equation with rescaled cystatin C, and we validated the resulting EKFC eGFRcys equation in cohorts of White patients and Black patients in Europe, the United States, and Africa, according to measured GFR, levels of serum creatinine and cystatin C, age, and sex. Results: On the basis of data from 227,643 patients in Sweden, the rescaling factor for cystatin C was estimated at 0.83 for men and women younger than 50 years of age and 0.83+0.005×(age-50) for those 50 years of age or older. The EKFC eGFRcys equation was unbiased, had accuracy that was similar to that of the EKFC eGFRcr equation in both White patients and Black patients (11,231 patients from Europe, 1093 from the United States, and 508 from Africa), and was more accurate than the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFRcys equation recommended by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. The arithmetic mean of EKFC eGFRcr and EKFC eGFRcys further improved the accuracy of estimated GFR over estimates from either biomarker equation alone. Conclusions: The EKFC eGFRcys equation had the same mathematical form as the EKFC eGFRcr equation, but it had a scaling factor for cystatin C that did not differ according to race or sex. In cohorts from Europe, the United States, and Africa, this equation improved the accuracy of GFR assessment over that of commonly used equations.
KW - Chronic Kidney Disease
KW - Clinical Medicine
KW - Clinical Medicine General
KW - Kidney Replacement Therapy
KW - Kidney Transplantation
KW - Nephrology
KW - Nephrology General
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U2 - 10.1056/NEJMoa2203769
DO - 10.1056/NEJMoa2203769
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85149652878
SN - 0028-4793
VL - 388
SP - 333
EP - 343
JO - New England Journal of Medicine
JF - New England Journal of Medicine
IS - 4
ER -