@article{731ae260f561447cb6fbce07d50d0c21,
title = "Combination Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Are We Currently?",
abstract = "The past decade has seen a rise in the availability of breakthrough therapeutic strategies for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A tumor microenvironment in HCC is regulated by various immunotolerance mechanisms; therefore, therapeutic strategies aiming at disrupting tumor immune tolerance are becoming attractive curative options in HCC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated impressive effectiveness in HCC, including in sorafenib-unresponsive patients. Synergistic approaches with checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4) and antiangiogenic drugs are burgeoning as first-line treatment therapeutic modalities in HCC.",
keywords = "anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, checkpoint inhibitors, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver",
author = "{Uson Junior}, {Pedro Luiz Serrano} and Nagalo, {Bolni Marius} and Ahn, {Daniel H.} and Tanios Bekaii-Saab and Borad, {Mitesh J.}",
note = "Funding Information: ted work. Dr. Ahn reports personal fees from Eisai, Genentech, and Exelixis, outside the submitted work. Dr. Bekaii-Saab reports grants from Boston Biomedical, Amgen, Celgene, Clovis, Abgenomics, and BMS; grants and personal fees from Bayer, Merck, Ipsen, Seattle Genetics, Array Biopharma, Genentech, and Incyte; grants and other fees from Lilly; personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, TreosBio, and Sobi; other fees from Astra Zeneca, PanCan, 1Globe, Sun Biopharma, Imugene, and Immuneering, outside the submitted work. In addition, Dr. Bekaii-Saab has a patent WO/2018/183488 issued, and a patent WO/ 2019/055687 issued. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021. Thieme. All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1055/s-0040-1722646",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "41",
pages = "136--141",
journal = "Seminars in liver disease",
issn = "0272-8087",
publisher = "Thieme Medical Publishers",
number = "2",
}