Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

Michael Bauer; Tasha Glenn; Eric D. Achtyes; Martin Alda; Esen Agaoglu; Kürşat Altınbaş; Ole A. Andreassen; Elias Angelopoulos; Raffaella Ardau; Memduha Aydin; Yavuz Ayhan; Christopher Baethge; Rita Bauer; Bernhard T. Baune; Ceylan Balaban; Claudia Becerra-Palars; Aniruddh P. Behere; Prakash B. Behere; Habte Belete; Tilahun Belete; Gabriel Okawa Belizario; Frank Bellivier; Robert H. Belmaker; Francesco Benedetti; Michael Berk; Yuly Bersudsky; Şule Bicakci; Harriet Birabwa-Oketcho; Thomas D. Bjella; Conan Brady; Jorge Cabrera; Marco Cappucciati; Angela Marianne Paredes Castro; Wei Ling Chen; Eric Y.W. Cheung; Silvia Chiesa; Marie Crowe; Alessandro Cuomo; Sara Dallaspezia; Maria Del Zompo; Pratikkumar Desai; Seetal Dodd; Bruno Etain; Andrea Fagiolini; Frederike T. Fellendorf; Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak; Jess G. Fiedorowicz; Kostas N. Fountoulakis; Mark A. Frye; Pierre A. Geoffroy; Ana Gonzalez-Pinto; John F. Gottlieb; Paul Grof; Bartholomeus C.M. Haarman; Hirohiko Harima; Mathias Hasse-Sousa; Chantal Henry; Lone Høffding; Josselin Houenou; Massimiliano Imbesi; Erkki T. Isometsä; Maja Ivkovic; Sven Janno; Simon Johnsen; Flávio Kapczinski; Gregory N. Karakatsoulis; Mathias Kardell; Lars Vedel Kessing; Seong Jae Kim; Barbara König; Timur L. Kot; Michael Koval; Mauricio Kunz; Beny Lafer; Mikael Landén; Erik R. Larsen; Melanie Lenger; Ute Lewitzka; Rasmus W. Licht; Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo; Alan MacKenzie; Helle Østergaard Madsen; Simone Alberte Kongstad A. Madsen; Jayant Mahadevan; Agustine Mahardika; Mirko Manchia; Wendy Marsh; Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa; Klaus Martiny; Yuki Mashima; Declan M. McLoughlin; Ybe Meesters; Ingrid Melle; Fátima Meza-Urzúa; Yee Ming Mok; Scott Monteith; Muthukumaran Moorthy; Gunnar Morken; Enrica Mosca; Anton A. Mozzhegorov; Rodrigo Munoz; Starlin V. Mythri; Fethi Nacef; Ravi K. Nadella; Takako Nakanotani; René Ernst Nielsen; Claire O'Donovan; Adel Omrani; Yamima Osher; Uta Ouali; Maja Pantovic-Stefanovic; Pornjira Pariwatcharakul; Joanne Petite; Andrea Pfennig; Yolanda Pica Ruiz; Marco Pinna; Maurizio Pompili; Richard Porter; Danilo Quiroz; Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte; Raj Ramesar; Natalie Rasgon; Woraphat Ratta-apha; Michaela Ratzenhofer; Maria Redahan; M. S. Reddy; Andreas Reif; Eva Z. Reininghaus; Jenny Gringer Richards; Philipp Ritter; Janusz K. Rybakowski; Leela Sathyaputri; Ângela M. Scippa; Christian Simhandl; Daniel Smith; José Smith; Paul W. Stackhouse; Dan J. Stein; Kellen Stilwell; Sergio Strejilevich; Kuan Pin Su; Mythily Subramaniam; Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman; Kirsi Suominen; Andi J. Tanra; Yoshitaka Tatebayashi; Wen Lin Teh; Leonardo Tondo; Carla Torrent; Daniel Tuinstra; Takahito Uchida; Arne E. Vaaler; Eduard Vieta; Biju Viswanath; Maria Yoldi-Negrete; Oguz Kaan Yalcinkaya; Allan H. Young; Yosra Zgueb; Peter C. Whybrow

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982

Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

Michael Bauer, Tasha Glenn, Eric D. Achtyes, Martin Alda, Esen Agaoglu, Kürşat Altınbaş, Ole A. Andreassen, Elias Angelopoulos, Raffaella Ardau, Memduha Aydin, Yavuz Ayhan, Christopher Baethge, Rita Bauer, Bernhard T. Baune, Ceylan Balaban, Claudia Becerra-Palars, Aniruddh P. Behere, Prakash B. Behere, Habte Belete, Tilahun BeleteGabriel Okawa Belizario, Frank Bellivier, Robert H. Belmaker, Francesco Benedetti, Michael Berk, Yuly Bersudsky, Şule Bicakci, Harriet Birabwa-Oketcho, Thomas D. Bjella, Conan Brady, Jorge Cabrera, Marco Cappucciati, Angela Marianne Paredes Castro, Wei Ling Chen, Eric Y.W. Cheung, Silvia Chiesa, Marie Crowe, Alessandro Cuomo, Sara Dallaspezia, Maria Del Zompo, Pratikkumar Desai, Seetal Dodd, Bruno Etain, Andrea Fagiolini, Frederike T. Fellendorf, Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Jess G. Fiedorowicz, Kostas N. Fountoulakis, Mark A. Frye, Pierre A. Geoffroy, Ana Gonzalez-Pinto, John F. Gottlieb, Paul Grof, Bartholomeus C.M. Haarman, Hirohiko Harima, Mathias Hasse-Sousa, Chantal Henry, Lone Høffding, Josselin Houenou, Massimiliano Imbesi, Erkki T. Isometsä, Maja Ivkovic, Sven Janno, Simon Johnsen, Flávio Kapczinski, Gregory N. Karakatsoulis, Mathias Kardell, Lars Vedel Kessing, Seong Jae Kim, Barbara König, Timur L. Kot, Michael Koval, Mauricio Kunz, Beny Lafer, Mikael Landén, Erik R. Larsen, Melanie Lenger, Ute Lewitzka, Rasmus W. Licht, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Alan MacKenzie, Helle Østergaard Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A. Madsen, Jayant Mahadevan, Agustine Mahardika, Mirko Manchia, Wendy Marsh, Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Klaus Martiny, Yuki Mashima, Declan M. McLoughlin, Ybe Meesters, Ingrid Melle, Fátima Meza-Urzúa, Yee Ming Mok, Scott Monteith, Muthukumaran Moorthy, Gunnar Morken, Enrica Mosca, Anton A. Mozzhegorov, Rodrigo Munoz, Starlin V. Mythri, Fethi Nacef, Ravi K. Nadella, Takako Nakanotani, René Ernst Nielsen, Claire O'Donovan, Adel Omrani, Yamima Osher, Uta Ouali, Maja Pantovic-Stefanovic, Pornjira Pariwatcharakul, Joanne Petite, Andrea Pfennig, Yolanda Pica Ruiz, Marco Pinna, Maurizio Pompili, Richard Porter, Danilo Quiroz, Francisco Diego Rabelo-da-Ponte, Raj Ramesar, Natalie Rasgon, Woraphat Ratta-apha, Michaela Ratzenhofer, Maria Redahan, M. S. Reddy, Andreas Reif, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Jenny Gringer Richards, Philipp Ritter, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Leela Sathyaputri, Ângela M. Scippa, Christian Simhandl, Daniel Smith, José Smith, Paul W. Stackhouse, Dan J. Stein, Kellen Stilwell, Sergio Strejilevich, Kuan Pin Su, Mythily Subramaniam, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Kirsi Suominen, Andi J. Tanra, Yoshitaka Tatebayashi, Wen Lin Teh, Leonardo Tondo, Carla Torrent, Daniel Tuinstra, Takahito Uchida, Arne E. Vaaler, Eduard Vieta, Biju Viswanath, Maria Yoldi-Negrete, Oguz Kaan Yalcinkaya, Allan H. Young, Yosra Zgueb, Peter C. Whybrow

Psychiatry and Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	110982
Journal	Journal of Psychosomatic Research
Volume	160
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982
State	Published - Sep 2022

Keywords

Bipolar disorder
Circadian rhythm
Depression
Polarity
Solar insolation
Sunlight

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Clinical Psychology
Psychiatry and Mental health

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982

Cite this

Bauer, M., Glenn, T., Achtyes, E. D., Alda, M., Agaoglu, E., Altınbaş, K., Andreassen, O. A., Angelopoulos, E., Ardau, R., Aydin, M., Ayhan, Y., Baethge, C., Bauer, R., Baune, B. T., Balaban, C., Becerra-Palars, C., Behere, A. P., Behere, P. B., Belete, H., ... Whybrow, P. C. (2022). Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 160, Article 110982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982

Bauer, M, Glenn, T, Achtyes, ED, Alda, M, Agaoglu, E, Altınbaş, K, Andreassen, OA, Angelopoulos, E, Ardau, R, Aydin, M, Ayhan, Y, Baethge, C, Bauer, R, Baune, BT, Balaban, C, Becerra-Palars, C, Behere, AP, Behere, PB, Belete, H, Belete, T, Belizario, GO, Bellivier, F, Belmaker, RH, Benedetti, F, Berk, M, Bersudsky, Y, Bicakci, Ş, Birabwa-Oketcho, H, Bjella, TD, Brady, C, Cabrera, J, Cappucciati, M, Castro, AMP, Chen, WL, Cheung, EYW, Chiesa, S, Crowe, M, Cuomo, A, Dallaspezia, S, Del Zompo, M, Desai, P, Dodd, S, Etain, B, Fagiolini, A, Fellendorf, FT, Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, E, Fiedorowicz, JG, Fountoulakis, KN, Frye, MA, Geoffroy, PA, Gonzalez-Pinto, A, Gottlieb, JF, Grof, P, Haarman, BCM, Harima, H, Hasse-Sousa, M, Henry, C, Høffding, L, Houenou, J, Imbesi, M, Isometsä, ET, Ivkovic, M, Janno, S, Johnsen, S, Kapczinski, F, Karakatsoulis, GN, Kardell, M, Kessing, LV, Kim, SJ, König, B, Kot, TL, Koval, M, Kunz, M, Lafer, B, Landén, M, Larsen, ER, Lenger, M, Lewitzka, U, Licht, RW, Lopez-Jaramillo, C, MacKenzie, A, Madsen, HØ, Madsen, SAKA, Mahadevan, J, Mahardika, A, Manchia, M, Marsh, W, Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, M, Martiny, K, Mashima, Y, McLoughlin, DM, Meesters, Y, Melle, I, Meza-Urzúa, F, Mok, YM, Monteith, S, Moorthy, M, Morken, G, Mosca, E, Mozzhegorov, AA, Munoz, R, Mythri, SV, Nacef, F, Nadella, RK, Nakanotani, T, Nielsen, RE, O'Donovan, C, Omrani, A, Osher, Y, Ouali, U, Pantovic-Stefanovic, M, Pariwatcharakul, P, Petite, J, Pfennig, A, Ruiz, YP, Pinna, M, Pompili, M, Porter, R, Quiroz, D, Rabelo-da-Ponte, FD, Ramesar, R, Rasgon, N, Ratta-apha, W, Ratzenhofer, M, Redahan, M, Reddy, MS, Reif, A, Reininghaus, EZ, Richards, JG, Ritter, P, Rybakowski, JK, Sathyaputri, L, Scippa, ÂM, Simhandl, C, Smith, D, Smith, J, Stackhouse, PW, Stein, DJ, Stilwell, K, Strejilevich, S, Su, KP, Subramaniam, M, Sulaiman, AH, Suominen, K, Tanra, AJ, Tatebayashi, Y, Teh, WL, Tondo, L, Torrent, C, Tuinstra, D, Uchida, T, Vaaler, AE, Vieta, E, Viswanath, B, Yoldi-Negrete, M, Yalcinkaya, OK, Young, AH, Zgueb, Y & Whybrow, PC 2022, 'Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder', Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 160, 110982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982

@article{62f054ffbff649c68339400031e1f651,

title = "Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder",

abstract = "Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.",

keywords = "Bipolar disorder, Circadian rhythm, Depression, Polarity, Solar insolation, Sunlight",

author = "Michael Bauer and Tasha Glenn and Achtyes, {Eric D.} and Martin Alda and Esen Agaoglu and K{\"u}r{\c s}at Altınba{\c s} and Andreassen, {Ole A.} and Elias Angelopoulos and Raffaella Ardau and Memduha Aydin and Yavuz Ayhan and Christopher Baethge and Rita Bauer and Baune, {Bernhard T.} and Ceylan Balaban and Claudia Becerra-Palars and Behere, {Aniruddh P.} and Behere, {Prakash B.} and Habte Belete and Tilahun Belete and Belizario, {Gabriel Okawa} and Frank Bellivier and Belmaker, {Robert H.} and Francesco Benedetti and Michael Berk and Yuly Bersudsky and {\c S}ule Bicakci and Harriet Birabwa-Oketcho and Bjella, {Thomas D.} and Conan Brady and Jorge Cabrera and Marco Cappucciati and Castro, {Angela Marianne Paredes} and Chen, {Wei Ling} and Cheung, {Eric Y.W.} and Silvia Chiesa and Marie Crowe and Alessandro Cuomo and Sara Dallaspezia and {Del Zompo}, Maria and Pratikkumar Desai and Seetal Dodd and Bruno Etain and Andrea Fagiolini and Fellendorf, {Frederike T.} and Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak and Fiedorowicz, {Jess G.} and Fountoulakis, {Kostas N.} and Frye, {Mark A.} and Geoffroy, {Pierre A.} and Ana Gonzalez-Pinto and Gottlieb, {John F.} and Paul Grof and Haarman, {Bartholomeus C.M.} and Hirohiko Harima and Mathias Hasse-Sousa and Chantal Henry and Lone H{\o}ffding and Josselin Houenou and Massimiliano Imbesi and Isomets{\"a}, {Erkki T.} and Maja Ivkovic and Sven Janno and Simon Johnsen and Fl{\'a}vio Kapczinski and Karakatsoulis, {Gregory N.} and Mathias Kardell and Kessing, {Lars Vedel} and Kim, {Seong Jae} and Barbara K{\"o}nig and Kot, {Timur L.} and Michael Koval and Mauricio Kunz and Beny Lafer and Mikael Land{\'e}n and Larsen, {Erik R.} and Melanie Lenger and Ute Lewitzka and Licht, {Rasmus W.} and Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo and Alan MacKenzie and Madsen, {Helle {\O}stergaard} and Madsen, {Simone Alberte Kongstad A.} and Jayant Mahadevan and Agustine Mahardika and Mirko Manchia and Wendy Marsh and Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa and Klaus Martiny and Yuki Mashima and McLoughlin, {Declan M.} and Ybe Meesters and Ingrid Melle and F{\'a}tima Meza-Urz{\'u}a and Mok, {Yee Ming} and Scott Monteith and Muthukumaran Moorthy and Gunnar Morken and Enrica Mosca and Mozzhegorov, {Anton A.} and Rodrigo Munoz and Mythri, {Starlin V.} and Fethi Nacef and Nadella, {Ravi K.} and Takako Nakanotani and Nielsen, {Ren{\'e} Ernst} and Claire O'Donovan and Adel Omrani and Yamima Osher and Uta Ouali and Maja Pantovic-Stefanovic and Pornjira Pariwatcharakul and Joanne Petite and Andrea Pfennig and Ruiz, {Yolanda Pica} and Marco Pinna and Maurizio Pompili and Richard Porter and Danilo Quiroz and Rabelo-da-Ponte, {Francisco Diego} and Raj Ramesar and Natalie Rasgon and Woraphat Ratta-apha and Michaela Ratzenhofer and Maria Redahan and Reddy, {M. S.} and Andreas Reif and Reininghaus, {Eva Z.} and Richards, {Jenny Gringer} and Philipp Ritter and Rybakowski, {Janusz K.} and Leela Sathyaputri and Scippa, {{\^A}ngela M.} and Christian Simhandl and Daniel Smith and Jos{\'e} Smith and Stackhouse, {Paul W.} and Stein, {Dan J.} and Kellen Stilwell and Sergio Strejilevich and Su, {Kuan Pin} and Mythily Subramaniam and Sulaiman, {Ahmad Hatim} and Kirsi Suominen and Tanra, {Andi J.} and Yoshitaka Tatebayashi and Teh, {Wen Lin} and Leonardo Tondo and Carla Torrent and Daniel Tuinstra and Takahito Uchida and Vaaler, {Arne E.} and Eduard Vieta and Biju Viswanath and Maria Yoldi-Negrete and Yalcinkaya, {Oguz Kaan} and Young, {Allan H.} and Yosra Zgueb and Whybrow, {Peter C.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

doi = "10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "160",

journal = "Journal of Psychosomatic Research",

issn = "0022-3999",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

AU - Bauer, Michael

AU - Glenn, Tasha

AU - Achtyes, Eric D.

AU - Alda, Martin

AU - Agaoglu, Esen

AU - Altınbaş, Kürşat

AU - Andreassen, Ole A.

AU - Angelopoulos, Elias

AU - Ardau, Raffaella

AU - Aydin, Memduha

AU - Ayhan, Yavuz

AU - Baethge, Christopher

AU - Bauer, Rita

AU - Baune, Bernhard T.

AU - Balaban, Ceylan

AU - Becerra-Palars, Claudia

AU - Behere, Aniruddh P.

AU - Behere, Prakash B.

AU - Belete, Habte

AU - Belete, Tilahun

AU - Belizario, Gabriel Okawa

AU - Bellivier, Frank

AU - Belmaker, Robert H.

AU - Benedetti, Francesco

AU - Berk, Michael

AU - Bersudsky, Yuly

AU - Bicakci, Şule

AU - Birabwa-Oketcho, Harriet

AU - Bjella, Thomas D.

AU - Brady, Conan

AU - Cabrera, Jorge

AU - Cappucciati, Marco

AU - Castro, Angela Marianne Paredes

AU - Chen, Wei Ling

AU - Cheung, Eric Y.W.

AU - Chiesa, Silvia

AU - Crowe, Marie

AU - Cuomo, Alessandro

AU - Dallaspezia, Sara

AU - Del Zompo, Maria

AU - Desai, Pratikkumar

AU - Dodd, Seetal

AU - Etain, Bruno

AU - Fagiolini, Andrea

AU - Fellendorf, Frederike T.

AU - Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, Ewa

AU - Fiedorowicz, Jess G.

AU - Fountoulakis, Kostas N.

AU - Frye, Mark A.

AU - Geoffroy, Pierre A.

AU - Gonzalez-Pinto, Ana

AU - Gottlieb, John F.

AU - Grof, Paul

AU - Haarman, Bartholomeus C.M.

AU - Harima, Hirohiko

AU - Hasse-Sousa, Mathias

AU - Henry, Chantal

AU - Høffding, Lone

AU - Houenou, Josselin

AU - Imbesi, Massimiliano

AU - Isometsä, Erkki T.

AU - Ivkovic, Maja

AU - Janno, Sven

AU - Johnsen, Simon

AU - Kapczinski, Flávio

AU - Karakatsoulis, Gregory N.

AU - Kardell, Mathias

AU - Kessing, Lars Vedel

AU - Kim, Seong Jae

AU - König, Barbara

AU - Kot, Timur L.

AU - Koval, Michael

AU - Kunz, Mauricio

AU - Lafer, Beny

AU - Landén, Mikael

AU - Larsen, Erik R.

AU - Lenger, Melanie

AU - Lewitzka, Ute

AU - Licht, Rasmus W.

AU - Lopez-Jaramillo, Carlos

AU - MacKenzie, Alan

AU - Madsen, Helle Østergaard

AU - Madsen, Simone Alberte Kongstad A.

AU - Mahadevan, Jayant

AU - Mahardika, Agustine

AU - Manchia, Mirko

AU - Marsh, Wendy

AU - Martinez-Cengotitabengoa, Monica

AU - Martiny, Klaus

AU - Mashima, Yuki

AU - McLoughlin, Declan M.

AU - Meesters, Ybe

AU - Melle, Ingrid

AU - Meza-Urzúa, Fátima

AU - Mok, Yee Ming

AU - Monteith, Scott

AU - Moorthy, Muthukumaran

AU - Morken, Gunnar

AU - Mosca, Enrica

AU - Mozzhegorov, Anton A.

AU - Munoz, Rodrigo

AU - Mythri, Starlin V.

AU - Nacef, Fethi

AU - Nadella, Ravi K.

AU - Nakanotani, Takako

AU - Nielsen, René Ernst

AU - O'Donovan, Claire

AU - Omrani, Adel

AU - Osher, Yamima

AU - Ouali, Uta

AU - Pantovic-Stefanovic, Maja

AU - Pariwatcharakul, Pornjira

AU - Petite, Joanne

AU - Pfennig, Andrea

AU - Ruiz, Yolanda Pica

AU - Pinna, Marco

AU - Pompili, Maurizio

AU - Porter, Richard

AU - Quiroz, Danilo

AU - Rabelo-da-Ponte, Francisco Diego

AU - Ramesar, Raj

AU - Rasgon, Natalie

AU - Ratta-apha, Woraphat

AU - Ratzenhofer, Michaela

AU - Redahan, Maria

AU - Reddy, M. S.

AU - Reif, Andreas

AU - Reininghaus, Eva Z.

AU - Richards, Jenny Gringer

AU - Ritter, Philipp

AU - Rybakowski, Janusz K.

AU - Sathyaputri, Leela

AU - Scippa, Ângela M.

AU - Simhandl, Christian

AU - Smith, Daniel

AU - Smith, José

AU - Stackhouse, Paul W.

AU - Stein, Dan J.

AU - Stilwell, Kellen

AU - Strejilevich, Sergio

AU - Su, Kuan Pin

AU - Subramaniam, Mythily

AU - Sulaiman, Ahmad Hatim

AU - Suominen, Kirsi

AU - Tanra, Andi J.

AU - Tatebayashi, Yoshitaka

AU - Teh, Wen Lin

AU - Tondo, Leonardo

AU - Torrent, Carla

AU - Tuinstra, Daniel

AU - Uchida, Takahito

AU - Vaaler, Arne E.

AU - Vieta, Eduard

AU - Viswanath, Biju

AU - Yoldi-Negrete, Maria

AU - Yalcinkaya, Oguz Kaan

AU - Young, Allan H.

AU - Zgueb, Yosra

AU - Whybrow, Peter C.

PY - 2022/9

Y1 - 2022/9

N2 - Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.

AB - Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.

KW - Bipolar disorder

KW - Circadian rhythm

KW - Depression

KW - Polarity

KW - Solar insolation

KW - Sunlight

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85135397042&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85135397042&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982

DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.110982

M3 - Article

C2 - 35932492

AN - SCOPUS:85135397042

SN - 0022-3999

VL - 160

JO - Journal of Psychosomatic Research

JF - Journal of Psychosomatic Research

M1 - 110982

ER -

Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder

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