TY - JOUR
T1 - Antigen removal for the production of biomechanically functional, xenogeneic tissue grafts
AU - Cissell, Derek D.
AU - Hu, Jerry C.
AU - Griffiths, Leigh G.
AU - Athanasiou, Kyriacos A.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge funding from NIH T32 OD011147 and NIH R01DE019666 , which had no involvement in the preparation of this article.
PY - 2014/6/27
Y1 - 2014/6/27
N2 - Xenogeneic tissues are derived from other animal species and provide a source of material for engineering mechanically functional tissue grafts, such as heart valves, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Xenogeneic tissues, however, contain molecules, known as antigens, which invoke an immune reaction following implantation into a patient. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the antigens from a xenogeneic tissue to prevent immune rejection of the graft. Antigen removal can be accomplished by treating a tissue with solutions and/or physical processes that disrupt cells and solubilize, degrade, or mask antigens. However, processes used for cell and antigen removal from tissues often have deleterious effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue, rendering the tissue unsuitable for implantation due to poor mechanical properties. Thus, the goal of an antigen removal process should be to reduce the antigen content of a xenogeneic tissue while preserving its mechanical functionality. To expand the clinical use of antigen-removed xenogeneic tissues as biomechanically functional grafts, it is essential that researchers examine tissue antigen content, ECM composition and architecture, and mechanical properties as new antigen removal processes are developed.
AB - Xenogeneic tissues are derived from other animal species and provide a source of material for engineering mechanically functional tissue grafts, such as heart valves, tendons, ligaments, and cartilage. Xenogeneic tissues, however, contain molecules, known as antigens, which invoke an immune reaction following implantation into a patient. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the antigens from a xenogeneic tissue to prevent immune rejection of the graft. Antigen removal can be accomplished by treating a tissue with solutions and/or physical processes that disrupt cells and solubilize, degrade, or mask antigens. However, processes used for cell and antigen removal from tissues often have deleterious effects on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the tissue, rendering the tissue unsuitable for implantation due to poor mechanical properties. Thus, the goal of an antigen removal process should be to reduce the antigen content of a xenogeneic tissue while preserving its mechanical functionality. To expand the clinical use of antigen-removed xenogeneic tissues as biomechanically functional grafts, it is essential that researchers examine tissue antigen content, ECM composition and architecture, and mechanical properties as new antigen removal processes are developed.
KW - Antigen removal
KW - Decellularization
KW - Tissue replacement
KW - Xenogeneic
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.041
DO - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.10.041
M3 - Article
C2 - 24268315
AN - SCOPUS:84901623920
SN - 0021-9290
VL - 47
SP - 1987
EP - 1996
JO - Journal of Biomechanics
JF - Journal of Biomechanics
IS - 9
ER -