Antigen recognition detains CD8+ T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown

Sidar Aydin; Javier Pareja; Vivianne M. Schallenberg; Armelle Klopstein; Thomas Gruber; Nicolas Page; Elisa Bouillet; Nicolas Blanchard; Roland Liblau; Jakob Körbelin; Markus Schwaninger; Aaron J. Johnson; Mirjam Schenk; Urban Deutsch; Doron Merkler; Britta Engelhardt

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-38703-2

Antigen recognition detains CD8⁺ T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown

Sidar Aydin, Javier Pareja, Vivianne M. Schallenberg, Armelle Klopstein, Thomas Gruber, Nicolas Page, Elisa Bouillet, Nicolas Blanchard, Roland Liblau, Jakob Körbelin, Markus Schwaninger, Aaron J. Johnson, Mirjam Schenk, Urban Deutsch, Doron Merkler, Britta Engelhardt

Immunology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). High numbers of CD8⁺ T cells are found in MS lesions, and antigen (Ag) presentation at the BBB has been proposed to promote CD8⁺ T cell entry into the CNS. Here, we show that brain endothelial cells process and cross-present Ag, leading to effector CD8⁺ T cell differentiation. Under physiological flow in vitro, endothelial Ag presentation prevented CD8⁺ T cell crawling and diapedesis resulting in brain endothelial cell apoptosis and BBB breakdown. Brain endothelial Ag presentation in vivo was limited due to Ag uptake by CNS-resident macrophages but still reduced motility of Ag-specific CD8⁺ T cells within CNS microvessels. MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation at the BBB during neuroinflammation thus prohibits CD8⁺ T cell entry into the CNS and triggers CD8⁺ T cell-mediated focal BBB breakdown.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	3106
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	14
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38703-2
State	Published - Dec 2023

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
General Physics and Astronomy

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10.1038/s41467-023-38703-2

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Aydin, S., Pareja, J., Schallenberg, V. M., Klopstein, A., Gruber, T., Page, N., Bouillet, E., Blanchard, N., Liblau, R., Körbelin, J., Schwaninger, M., Johnson, A. J., Schenk, M., Deutsch, U., Merkler, D., & Engelhardt, B. (2023). Antigen recognition detains CD8⁺ T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown. Nature communications, 14(1), Article 3106. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38703-2

Aydin, S, Pareja, J, Schallenberg, VM, Klopstein, A, Gruber, T, Page, N, Bouillet, E, Blanchard, N, Liblau, R, Körbelin, J, Schwaninger, M, Johnson, AJ, Schenk, M, Deutsch, U, Merkler, D & Engelhardt, B 2023, 'Antigen recognition detains CD8⁺ T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown', Nature communications, vol. 14, no. 1, 3106. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38703-2

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abstract = "Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). High numbers of CD8+ T cells are found in MS lesions, and antigen (Ag) presentation at the BBB has been proposed to promote CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS. Here, we show that brain endothelial cells process and cross-present Ag, leading to effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. Under physiological flow in vitro, endothelial Ag presentation prevented CD8+ T cell crawling and diapedesis resulting in brain endothelial cell apoptosis and BBB breakdown. Brain endothelial Ag presentation in vivo was limited due to Ag uptake by CNS-resident macrophages but still reduced motility of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells within CNS microvessels. MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation at the BBB during neuroinflammation thus prohibits CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS and triggers CD8+ T cell-mediated focal BBB breakdown.",

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AU - Aydin, Sidar

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AU - Schallenberg, Vivianne M.

AU - Klopstein, Armelle

AU - Gruber, Thomas

AU - Page, Nicolas

AU - Bouillet, Elisa

AU - Blanchard, Nicolas

AU - Liblau, Roland

AU - Körbelin, Jakob

AU - Schwaninger, Markus

AU - Johnson, Aaron J.

AU - Schenk, Mirjam

AU - Deutsch, Urban

AU - Merkler, Doron

AU - Engelhardt, Britta

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AB - Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) are early hallmarks of multiple sclerosis (MS). High numbers of CD8+ T cells are found in MS lesions, and antigen (Ag) presentation at the BBB has been proposed to promote CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS. Here, we show that brain endothelial cells process and cross-present Ag, leading to effector CD8+ T cell differentiation. Under physiological flow in vitro, endothelial Ag presentation prevented CD8+ T cell crawling and diapedesis resulting in brain endothelial cell apoptosis and BBB breakdown. Brain endothelial Ag presentation in vivo was limited due to Ag uptake by CNS-resident macrophages but still reduced motility of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells within CNS microvessels. MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation at the BBB during neuroinflammation thus prohibits CD8+ T cell entry into the CNS and triggers CD8+ T cell-mediated focal BBB breakdown.

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Antigen recognition detains CD8⁺ T cells at the blood-brain barrier and contributes to its breakdown

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