TY - JOUR
T1 - Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Midline Suboccipital Approaches to the Fourth Ventricle for Trainees
T2 - Surgical Anatomy of the Telovelar, Transvermian, and Superior Transvelar Routes, Surgical Principles, and Illustrative Cases
AU - Dang, Danielle D.
AU - Rechberger, Julian S.
AU - Leonel, Luciano C.P.C.
AU - Hallak, Hana
AU - Graepel, Stephen
AU - Link, Michael J.
AU - Daniels, David J.
AU - Peris-Celda, Maria
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/11/28
Y1 - 2022/11/28
N2 - Introduction Safe, effective access to the fourth ventricle for oncologic resection remains challenging given the depth of location, restricted posterior fossa boundaries, and surrounding eloquent neuroanatomy. Despite description in the literature, a practical step-by step dissection guide of the suboccipital approaches to the fourth ventricle targeted to all training levels is lacking. Methods Two formalin-fixed, latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification and endoscopic visualization. Dissections of the telovelar, transvermian, and supracerebellar infratentorial-superior transvelar approaches were performed by one neurosurgery resident (D.D.D.), under guidance of senior authors. The dissections were supplemented with representative clinical cases to highlight pertinent surgical principles. Results The telovelar and transvermian corridors afford excellent access to the caudal two-thirds of the fourth ventricle with the former approach offering expanded access to the lateral recess, foramen of Luschka, adjacent skull base, and cerebellopontine angle. The supracerebellar infratentorial-superior transvelar approach reaches the rostral third of the fourth ventricle, the cerebral aqueduct, and dorsal mesencephalon. Key steps described include positioning and skin incision, myofascial dissection, burr hole and craniotomy, durotomy, the aforementioned transventricular routes, and identification of relevant skull base landmarks. Conclusion The midline suboccipital craniotomy represents a foundational cranial approach, particularly for lesions involving the fourth ventricle. Operatively oriented resources that combine stepwise neuroanatomic dissections with representative cases provide a crucial foundation for neurosurgical training. We present a comprehensive guide for trainees in the surgical anatomy laboratory to optimize familiarity with fourth ventricle approaches, mastery of relevant microsurgical anatomy, and simultaneous preparation for learning in the operating room.
AB - Introduction Safe, effective access to the fourth ventricle for oncologic resection remains challenging given the depth of location, restricted posterior fossa boundaries, and surrounding eloquent neuroanatomy. Despite description in the literature, a practical step-by step dissection guide of the suboccipital approaches to the fourth ventricle targeted to all training levels is lacking. Methods Two formalin-fixed, latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification and endoscopic visualization. Dissections of the telovelar, transvermian, and supracerebellar infratentorial-superior transvelar approaches were performed by one neurosurgery resident (D.D.D.), under guidance of senior authors. The dissections were supplemented with representative clinical cases to highlight pertinent surgical principles. Results The telovelar and transvermian corridors afford excellent access to the caudal two-thirds of the fourth ventricle with the former approach offering expanded access to the lateral recess, foramen of Luschka, adjacent skull base, and cerebellopontine angle. The supracerebellar infratentorial-superior transvelar approach reaches the rostral third of the fourth ventricle, the cerebral aqueduct, and dorsal mesencephalon. Key steps described include positioning and skin incision, myofascial dissection, burr hole and craniotomy, durotomy, the aforementioned transventricular routes, and identification of relevant skull base landmarks. Conclusion The midline suboccipital craniotomy represents a foundational cranial approach, particularly for lesions involving the fourth ventricle. Operatively oriented resources that combine stepwise neuroanatomic dissections with representative cases provide a crucial foundation for neurosurgical training. We present a comprehensive guide for trainees in the surgical anatomy laboratory to optimize familiarity with fourth ventricle approaches, mastery of relevant microsurgical anatomy, and simultaneous preparation for learning in the operating room.
KW - brain tumor
KW - fourth ventricle
KW - posterior fossa
KW - skull base
KW - suboccipital craniotomy
KW - superior transvelar approach
KW - supracerebellar infratentorial
KW - telovelar
KW - transvermian
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U2 - 10.1055/a-2018-4745
DO - 10.1055/a-2018-4745
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85159297166
SN - 2193-634X
VL - 85
SP - 172
EP - 188
JO - Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base
JF - Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base
IS - 2
ER -