An Unusual Case of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Infiltration of the Renal Allograft: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Kidney transplant recipients are at a high risk for developing malignancies with dermatologic cancers and lymphomas making up the bulk of these. Leukemia is rare in this cohort of patients. Kidney infiltration by leukemic cells is seen in about 34% of native kidneys based on autopsy studies. But leukemia infiltration of the kidney allograft has not been described much in the literature. Here we discuss the case of a 59-year-old kidney transplant recipient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who presented with acute kidney injury and his transplant kidney biopsy showed leukemic cell infiltration of the renal cortex. We also present a comprehensive literature review of post–kidney transplantation AML.