TY - JOUR
T1 - Age-Dependent and Gender-Dependent Regulation of Hypothalamic-Adrenocorticotropic-Adrenal Axis
AU - Veldhuis, Johannes D.
AU - Sharma, Animesh
AU - Roelfsema, Ferdinand
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported in part via R01 DK073148 and DK050456 (Metabolic Studies Core of the Minnesota Obesity Center ) from the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The project described was supported by the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , National Institutes of Health, through Grant Number 1UL1 RR024150-01 .
PY - 2013/6
Y1 - 2013/6
N2 - Tightly regulated output of glucocorticoids is critical to maintaining immune competence, the structure of neurons, muscle, and bone, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, work capacity, and vitality in the human and experimental animal. Age, sex steroids, gender, stress, body composition, and disease govern glucocorticoid availability through incompletely understood mechanisms. According to an ensemble concept of neuroendocrine regulation, successful stress adaptations require repeated incremental signaling adjustments among hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin, pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone, and adrenal corticosteroids. Signals are transduced via (positive) feedforward and (negative) feedback effects. Age and gonadal steroids strongly modulate stress-adaptive glucocorticoid secretion by such interlinked pathways.
AB - Tightly regulated output of glucocorticoids is critical to maintaining immune competence, the structure of neurons, muscle, and bone, blood pressure, glucose homeostasis, work capacity, and vitality in the human and experimental animal. Age, sex steroids, gender, stress, body composition, and disease govern glucocorticoid availability through incompletely understood mechanisms. According to an ensemble concept of neuroendocrine regulation, successful stress adaptations require repeated incremental signaling adjustments among hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin, pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone, and adrenal corticosteroids. Signals are transduced via (positive) feedforward and (negative) feedback effects. Age and gonadal steroids strongly modulate stress-adaptive glucocorticoid secretion by such interlinked pathways.
KW - ACTH
KW - Aging
KW - Cortisol
KW - Feedback
KW - Human
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.002
DO - 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.002
M3 - Review article
C2 - 23702398
AN - SCOPUS:84878128690
SN - 0889-8529
VL - 42
SP - 201
EP - 225
JO - Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
JF - Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
IS - 2
ER -