A review of vascular endothelial growth factor and its potential to improve functional outcomes following spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are traumatic events with limited treatment options. Following injury, the lesion site experiences a drastic change to both its structure and vasculature which reduces its ability for tissue regeneration. Despite the lack of clinical options, researchers are investigating therapies to induce neuronal regeneration. Cell-based therapies have long been assessed in the context of SCI to promote neuronal protection and repair. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not only demonstrates this ability, but also demonstrates angiogenic potential to promote blood vessel formation. While there have been numerous animal studies investigating VEGF, further research is still warranted to pinpoint its role following SCI. This review aims to discuss the literature surrounding the role of VEGF following SCI and its potential in promoting functional recovery.