Who Should Be Referred for Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Therapy?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia affecting approximately 7 million individuals in USA. It is one of the most significant arrhythmias, which accounts for a majority of embolic strokes, especially in elderly individuals. Although oral anti-coagulation is beneficial in lowering the risk of stroke, 1 in 10 patients have a contra-indication to warfarin therapy. Among patients who do tolerate either warfarin or novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC), major or recurrent bleeding, intracranial bleeds, etc. often lead to interruption of anti-coagulation. Previous studies have reported that >90% of cardioemboli in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) originate in the left atrial appendage. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is currently covered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as an alternative for stroke prevention in patients with an elevated stroke risk (CHADS2 ≥2 or CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3) who have appropriate rational for avoiding long-term oral anticoagulation following a shared-decision making process. In this review, we discuss the currently available LAAO devices and more importantly, appropriate patient selection for this strategy.