PO2RDF: representation of real-world data for precision oncology using resource description framework

Background: Next-generation sequencing provides comprehensive information about individuals’ genetic makeup and is commonplace in precision oncology practice. Due to the heterogeneity of individual patient’s disease conditions and treatment journeys, not all targeted therapies were initiated despite actionable mutations. To better understand and support the clinical decision-making process in precision oncology, there is a need to examine real-world associations between patients’ genetic information and treatment choices. Methods: To fill the gap of insufficient use of real-world data (RWD) in electronic health records (EHRs), we generated a single Resource Description Framework (RDF) resource, called PO2RDF (precision oncology to RDF), by integrating information regarding genes, variants, diseases, and drugs from genetic reports and EHRs. Results: There are a total 2,309,014 triples contained in the PO2RDF. Among them, 32,815 triples are related to Gene, 34,695 triples are related to Variant, 8,787 triples are related to Disease, 26,154 triples are related to Drug. We performed two use case analyses to demonstrate the usability of the PO2RDF: (1) we examined real-world associations between EGFR mutations and targeted therapies to confirm existing knowledge and detect off-label use. (2) We examined differences in prognosis for lung cancer patients with/without TP53 mutations. Conclusions: In conclusion, our work proposed to use RDF to organize and distribute clinical RWD that is otherwise inaccessible externally. Our work serves as a pilot study that will lead to new clinical applications and could ultimately stimulate progress in the field of precision oncology.