Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in patients with cardiac amyloidosis: Presenting rhythms, management and outcomes in four patients

Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a well-recognized systemic disease, and cardiac amyloidosis accounts for 10% of all nonischemic cardiomyopathies [J S C Med Assoc 97 (2001) 201-206]. The median survival of patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure secondary to cardiac amyloidosis is 4 months [New Engl J Med 336 (1997) 1202-1207; Am J Med 100 (1996) 290-298]. The cause of death in most patients is refractory congestive heart failure or sudden arrhythmic [Mayo Clin Proc 59 (1984) 589-597]. While there are reports of in-hospital arrhythmic deaths in these patients, there are no detailed reports that describe the presentation and management of patients with cardiac amyloidosis who have experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We describe here our experience with four patients with AL who had an OHCA, including presenting rhythms, interventions, and outcomes.