TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep quality and mood in patients with major depressive disorder
AU - Collins, Andrea R.
AU - Cheung, Joseph
AU - Croarkin, Paul E.
AU - Kolla, Bhanu Prakash
AU - Kung, Simon
N1 - Funding Information:
All authors have read and approved this manuscript. Work for this study was performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, and Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida. This study was funded by grant number UL1 TR002377 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Croarkin has received research support from Pfizer, Inc.; Neuronetics, Inc.; and NeoSync, Inc. He has received equipment support from Neuronetics, Inc., and MagVenture, Inc., for investigator-initiated studies, including off-label use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents. He received genotyping supplies and services from Assurex for an investigator-initiated study. Dr. Croarkin has served as a paid consultant for Engrail Therapeutics, Myriad Neuroscience, Procter & Gamble Company, and Sunovion. Dr. Kung has received equipment support from Neuro-netics, Inc., for a study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and bipolar depression. Ms. Collins, Dr. Cheung, and Dr. Kolla report no conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
The authors thank Jeremy Syrjanen and Dr. Andrew Chapp for expert statistical assistance. All authors have read and approved this manuscript. Work for this study was performed at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, and Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida. This study was funded by grant number UL1 TR002377 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Croarkin has received research support from Pfizer, Inc.; Neuronetics, Inc.; and NeoSync, Inc. He has received equipment support from Neuronetics, Inc., and MagVenture, Inc., for investigator-initiated studies, including off-label use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for children and adolescents. He received genotyping supplies and services from Assurex for an investigator-initiated study. Dr. Croarkin has served as a paid consultant for Engrail Therapeutics, Myriad Neuroscience, Procter & Gamble Company, and Sunovion. Dr. Kung has received equipment support from Neuronetics, Inc., for a study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and bipolar depression. Ms. Collins, Dr. Cheung, and Dr. Kolla report no conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright 2022 American Academy of Sleep Medicine. All rights reserved.
PY - 2022/5/1
Y1 - 2022/5/1
N2 - Study Objectives: It is unknown whether sleep quality improvements after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are inherent to the intervention or related to improvements in depressive symptoms. This retrospective study examined sleep quality in patients with major depressive disorder before and after treatment with rTMS, adjusting for age, sex, sedative-hypnotic use, number of rTMS treatments, depression severity, and changes in depressive symptoms. Methods: Adults with major depressive disorder underwent a 6-week course of 10 Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression rating scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index before and after treatment. To limit confounding, analysis of depressive symptoms occurred without item 3 (the sleep item) of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Twenty-one patients completed the study, with a mean (± standard deviation) baseline Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 12.0 (± 3.8), compared to 10.5 (± 4.3) posttreatment (P = .01). The mean baseline Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score without item 3 was 17.3 (± 3.0), compared to 12.2 (± 4.9) posttreatment (P = .0001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and modified Patient Health Questionnaire-9 changes were uncorrelated in nonadjusted and adjusted linear regression models and in the Spearman rank-order correlation. Conclusions: Mood and sleep quality improved independently after rTMS treatment, even after adjusting for age, sex, sedative-hypnotic use, number of rTMS treatments, and depression severity. These findings suggest that rTMS exerts direct effects on both mood and sleep in patients with major depressive disorder.
AB - Study Objectives: It is unknown whether sleep quality improvements after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are inherent to the intervention or related to improvements in depressive symptoms. This retrospective study examined sleep quality in patients with major depressive disorder before and after treatment with rTMS, adjusting for age, sex, sedative-hypnotic use, number of rTMS treatments, depression severity, and changes in depressive symptoms. Methods: Adults with major depressive disorder underwent a 6-week course of 10 Hz rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Patients completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression rating scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index before and after treatment. To limit confounding, analysis of depressive symptoms occurred without item 3 (the sleep item) of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Twenty-one patients completed the study, with a mean (± standard deviation) baseline Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of 12.0 (± 3.8), compared to 10.5 (± 4.3) posttreatment (P = .01). The mean baseline Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score without item 3 was 17.3 (± 3.0), compared to 12.2 (± 4.9) posttreatment (P = .0001). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and modified Patient Health Questionnaire-9 changes were uncorrelated in nonadjusted and adjusted linear regression models and in the Spearman rank-order correlation. Conclusions: Mood and sleep quality improved independently after rTMS treatment, even after adjusting for age, sex, sedative-hypnotic use, number of rTMS treatments, and depression severity. These findings suggest that rTMS exerts direct effects on both mood and sleep in patients with major depressive disorder.
KW - insomnia
KW - major depressive disorder
KW - neuroplasticity
KW - repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
KW - sleep quality
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U2 - 10.5664/jcsm.9846
DO - 10.5664/jcsm.9846
M3 - Article
C2 - 34931606
AN - SCOPUS:85129780184
SN - 1550-9389
VL - 18
SP - 1297
EP - 1305
JO - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
IS - 5
ER -