@article{458c6f5a2c2244e3a42645d7d166d3fc,
title = "Disease modeling studies using induced pluripotent stem cells: Are we using enough controls?",
abstract = "The comparison of differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with disease to differentiated iPSCs derived from healthy patients enables powerful disease modeling. By performing an informal retrospective survey of disease modeling studies published in high impact journals, we found that the median and average number of controls used in these studies were 1 and 1.6, respectively. The bulk of these studies did not control for age, gender and ethnicity. Since a large proportion of phenotypic differences observed between iPSC lines are due to genetic variation or variation between lines, this is an insufficient number of controls to confidently rule out standard variation. Future studies need to include more controls and ensure that these controls are appropriately matched for gender, age and ethnicity.",
keywords = "differentiation, disease modeling, disease-in-a-dish, embryonic stem cells, genetic variability, iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cells, reprogramming, stem cells",
author = "Johnson, {Adiv A.} and Cynthia Andrews-Pfannkoch and Nelson, {Timothy J.} and Pulido, {Jose S.} and Marmorstein, {Alan D.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness to the Mayo Clinic Department of Ophthalmology. AD Marmorstein and JS Pulido both share an ownership interest in LAgen Laboratories LLC (Rochester, Minnesota, USA), a distributor of iPSCs and a provider of iPSC differentiation services. Timothy Nelson and Mayo Clinic have licensed reprogramming technology to ReGen Theranostics, Inc in Rochester, MN. TJN is supported by the Todd and Karen Wanek Family Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome founded at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, USA. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Future Medicine Ltd.",
year = "2017",
month = dec,
doi = "10.2217/rme-2017-0101",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "12",
pages = "899--903",
journal = "Regenerative Medicine",
issn = "1746-0751",
publisher = "Future Medicine Ltd.",
number = "8",
}