Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders Associated with Neural Antibodies

OBJECTIVE This article reviews autoimmune neuromuscular disorders and includes an overview of the diagnostic approach, especially the role of antibody testing in a variety of neuropathies and some other neuromuscular disorders. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS In the past few decades, multiple antibody biomarkers associated with immune-mediated neuromuscular disorders have been reported. These biomarkers are not only useful for better understanding of disease pathogenesis and allowing more timely diagnosis but may also aid in the selection of an optimal treatment strategy. ESSENTIAL POINTS Recognition of autoimmune neuromuscular conditions encountered in inpatient or outpatient neurologic practice is very important because many of these disorders are reversible with prompt diagnosis and early treatment. Antibodies are often helpful in making this diagnosis. However, the clinical phenotype and electrodiagnostic testing should be taken into account when ordering antibody tests or panels and interpreting the subsequent results. Similar to other laboratory investigations, understanding the potential utility and limitations of antibody testing in each clinical setting is critical for practicing neurologists.