TY - JOUR
T1 - Area Deprivation Index as a Surrogate of Resilience in Aging and Dementia
AU - Vassilaki, Maria
AU - Petersen, Ronald C.
AU - Vemuri, Prashanthi
N1 - Funding Information:
Area deprivation index () is a validated composite measure of neighborhood disadvantage, funded by the National Institutes of Health and publicly available for the United States and Puerto Rico through the Neighborhood Atlas (). Thus, the research community can easily incorporate ADI in their studies and assess disparities in brain resilience and area-level socioeconomic deprivation. As suggested by the National Institute on Aging Health Disparities Research Framework, the socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are included in the priority populations for health disparities in aging research (; ). In addition, the Neighborhood Atlas provides ADI ranking within a state and nationally, allowing further comparisons between studies within a state or nationwide. ® ®
Funding Information:
MV was supported by NIH/NIA U01 AG006786 for this work. RP was supported by NIH/NIA U01 AG006786 for this work. PV was supported by NIH grants (U01 AG006786 and R01 AG56366) for this work. The funding sources had no role in the study conception; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Vassilaki, Petersen and Vemuri.
PY - 2022/6/29
Y1 - 2022/6/29
N2 - Area deprivation index (ADI), a tool used to capture the multidimensional neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage across populations, is highly relevant to the field of aging and Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (AD/ADRD). ADI is specifically relevant in the context of resilience, a broad term used to explain why some older adults have better cognitive outcomes than others. The goal of this mini-review is three-fold: (1) to summarize the current literature on ADI and its link to cognitive impairment outcomes; (2) suggest possible mechanisms through which ADI may have an impact on AD/ADRD outcomes, and (3) discuss important considerations when studying relations between ADI and cognitive as well as brain health. Though difficult to separate both the upstream factors that emerge from high (worse) ADI and all the mechanisms at play, ADI is an attractive proxy of resilience that captures multifactorial contributors to the risk of dementia. In addition, a life-course approach to studying ADI may allow us to capture resilience, which is a process developed over the lifespan. It might be easier to build, preserve or improve resilience in an environment that facilitates instead of hindering physical, social, and cognitively beneficial activities. Neighborhood disadvantage can adversely impact cognitive impairment risk but be at the same time a modifiable risk factor, amenable to policy changes that can affect communities.
AB - Area deprivation index (ADI), a tool used to capture the multidimensional neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage across populations, is highly relevant to the field of aging and Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (AD/ADRD). ADI is specifically relevant in the context of resilience, a broad term used to explain why some older adults have better cognitive outcomes than others. The goal of this mini-review is three-fold: (1) to summarize the current literature on ADI and its link to cognitive impairment outcomes; (2) suggest possible mechanisms through which ADI may have an impact on AD/ADRD outcomes, and (3) discuss important considerations when studying relations between ADI and cognitive as well as brain health. Though difficult to separate both the upstream factors that emerge from high (worse) ADI and all the mechanisms at play, ADI is an attractive proxy of resilience that captures multifactorial contributors to the risk of dementia. In addition, a life-course approach to studying ADI may allow us to capture resilience, which is a process developed over the lifespan. It might be easier to build, preserve or improve resilience in an environment that facilitates instead of hindering physical, social, and cognitively beneficial activities. Neighborhood disadvantage can adversely impact cognitive impairment risk but be at the same time a modifiable risk factor, amenable to policy changes that can affect communities.
KW - area deprivation index
KW - cognitive impairment
KW - dementia
KW - resilience
KW - socioeconomic
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U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930415
DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930415
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85134175010
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Psychology
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
M1 - 930415
ER -