Accuracy of real-time vsblinded offline diagnosis of neoplastic colorectal polyps using probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy: A pilot study

Background and study aims: Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) is a new imaging modality that enables histological examination of gastrointestinal mucosa during endoscopic procedures. Most studies have evaluated offline interpretation of pCLE images. In clinical practice, real-time interpretation is necessary to assist decision-making during the procedure. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the accuracy of real-time pCLE diagnosis made during the procedure with that of blinded offline interpretation to provide accuracy estimates that will aid the planning of future studies. Patients and methods: pCLE was performed in patients undergoing screening and surveillance colonoscopy. Once a polyp had been identified, one endoscopist analyzed pCLE images during the procedure and made a provisional "real-timeo" diagnosis. Saved video recordings were de-identified, randomized, and reviewed "offlineo" 1 month later by the same endoscopist, who was blinded to the original diagnoses. Results: Images from a total of 154 polyps were recorded (80 neoplastic, 74 non-neoplastic). The overall accuracy of real-time pCLE diagnosis (accuracy 79 %, sensitivity 81 %, specificity 76 %) and offline pCLE diagnosis (83 %, 88 %, and 77 %, respectively) for all 154 polyps were similar. Among polyps < 10 mm in size, the accuracy of real-time interpretation was significantly lower (accuracy 78 %, sensitivity 71 %, specificity 83 %) than that of offline pCLE interpretation (81 %, 86 %, 78 %, respectively). For polyps 10 mm, the accuracy of pCLE diagnosis in real-time was better (accuracy 85 %, sensitivity 90 %, specificity 75 %) than offline pCLE diagnosis (81 %, 97 %, and 50 %, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that real-time and offline interpretations of pCLE images are moderately accurate. Real-time interpretation is slightly less accurate than offline diagnosis, but overall both are comparable. Additionally, there was contrasting accuracy between the two methods for small and large polyps.